浙江义乌恐龙蛋化石新类型及对南马东阳蛋的修订

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190107

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

浙江省义乌市发现了一种新类型的恐龙蛋化石,外表面上具有大致相互平行的波状分枝裂隙。这种奇特的纹饰表明这种蛋不属于已知的任何蛋科。有趣的是,它们与曾经被归于树枝蛋科的南马东阳蛋(Dongyangoolithus nanmaensis)有一些相同的蛋壳显微特征：外表面的分枝裂隙和被巨大空腔分隔的壳单元集合体。考虑到地点和层位都很接近,这一新类型的恐龙蛋和南马东阳蛋应被归于一新蛋科。由于这种新类型恐龙蛋的壳单元集合体及裂隙的形态不同于南马东阳蛋,因此又建立了一个新的蛋属、蛋种——赤岸多裂隙蛋(Multifissoolithus chianensis)。新蛋科与圆形蛋科的圆形蛋属(Spheroolithus)有较近的亲缘关系,还具有一种过渡型的气体交换系统。

关键词: 浙江义乌, 金衢盆地, 早白垩世晚期, 东阳蛋科, 多裂隙蛋属

Abstract:

A new type of dinosaur egg, which is remarkable for the roughly paralleled, wavy and branched clefts on the outer surface, was recovered from Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China. The extraordinary ornamentation indicates that the eggs do not belong to any known oofamilies. Interestingly, they share the following eggshell micro-features with Dongyangoolithus nanmaensis, which was previously assigned to the Dendroolithidae: branched clefts on the outer surface of the eggshell and eggshell unit assemblages separated by large cavities. Due to these similarities and the nearness of their localities and similar horizons, the new type of dinosaur eggs from Yiwu and D. nanmaensis likely represents a new oofamily, Dongyangoolithidae. Based on the differences in shape between the eggshell unit assemblages and clefts of the new type of dinosaur eggs and D. nanmaensis, we erect a new oogenus and a new oospecies, Multifissoolithus chianensis. The new oofamily reported here shows a close relationship with Spheroolithus in Spheroolithidae and an intermediate pattern of gas exchange systems.

Key words: Jinqu Basin, Yiwu,Zhejiang, late Early Cretaceous, Dongyangoolithidae, Multifissoolithus

中图分类号:

Q915.2

张蜀康, 谢俊芳, 金幸生, 杜天明, 黄美燕. 浙江义乌恐龙蛋化石新类型及对南马东阳蛋的修订. 古脊椎动物学报, 2019, 57(4): 325-333.

ZHANG Shu-Kang, XIE Jun-Fang, JIN Xing-Sheng, DU Tian-Ming, HUANG Mei-Yan. New type of dinosaur eggs from Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China and a revision of Dongyangoolithus nanmaensis. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2019, 57(4): 325-333.

图/表 5

Fig. 1 Maps showing the location of Chi’an Town in Zhejiang Province

Fig. 2 Holotype of Multifissoolithus chianensis oogen. et oosp. nov. (ZMNH M 30057) A. an incomplete clutch, red and black arrows indicate egg impressions and an incomplete egg respectively;B. the outer surface of an egg in the ZMNH M 30057 clutch, showing roughly paralleled and wavy clefts

Fig. 3 Eggshell microstructure of radial sections of Multifissoolithus chianensis oogen. et oosp. nov.(ZMNH M 30057, holotype) A. radial section vertical to the clefts, showing a palisade microstructure; B. radial section parallel to the clefts, the cavities in the inner part of eggshell are indicated by arrows; C. radial section unparallel to the clefts, showing the gradually narrowing cavities between columnar eggshell unit assemblagesScale bars equal 500 μm

Fig. 4 Eggshell microstructures of tangential sections of Multifissoolithus chianensis oogen. et oosp. nov. (ZMNH M30057, holotype) A, B. tangential sections near the outer surface (A) and through the outer part (B) of eggshell, showing the wavy and branched clefts between eggshell unit assemblages, with arrows indicating pores;C, D. tangential sections through the inner part (C) and near the inner surface (D) of eggshell, showing isolated eggshell units with triangular cunei. Scale bars equal 400 μm in A and B and 200 μm in C and D

Table 1 Comparison of Dongyangoolithidae, Spheroolithidae, Stalicoolithidae and Megaloolithidae

Oofamily	Egg size (mm)	Eggshell thickness (mm)	Ornamentation	In the outer part of eggshell
Oofamily	Egg size (mm)	Eggshell thickness (mm)	Ornamentation	Arrangement of eggshell units	Shape of pores
Dongyangoolithidae¹⁾	(66-100)× (50-66)	2.8-3.7	Smooth with branched clefts	Forming eggshell unit assemblages	Round
Spheroolithidae²⁾	(74-99)× (67-88)	1.5-5.7	Smooth or tiny nodes separated from each other	Fusing extensively	Irregularly shaped
Stalicoolithidae³⁾	(93.6-125)× (90-123)	2.3-4.0	Smooth or tiny nodes separated from each other	Fusing extensively	Round
Megaloolithidae⁴⁾	120-230	1.12-4.80	Round nodes packed together	Packed together with clear boundaries	Round

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