Abstract: It has been recognized that South China is one of important distribution areas of the Macropetalichthyidae. Since close relatives of the Macropetalichthyidae were exclusively discovered in the Middle Paleozoic strata of South China and Ningxia, the study of early macropetalichthyids from China is key to the research on the origin and evolution of the Macropetalichthyidae. In the present paper, a new genus and species of the Macropetalichthyidae, Holopetalichthys longhuaensis, is described from the Early Devonian of Longhua Hill, Qujing, Yunnan. The fish— bearing bed lies in the top of the Xujiadlong Formation, overlain by the Chuandong Formation. Zhu et al. (1994) suggested that the age of the Xujiachong Formation was Late Pragian to Early Emsian.