Abstract: Abundant fossil material of the genus Pliopentlagus from three localities representing the late Late Miocene through Late Pliocene in Auhui Province, China, are studied in morphological and statistical detail. Three species are recognized: Pl. huainanensis, Pl. dajushanensis sp. nov., and Pl. anhuiensis sp. nov., in decreasing age. Although a number of characters overlap among those species, if the specimens from each locality are treated statistically as populations, three species can be distinguished. Further, when they are arranged by their geologic age, they clearly show that average size increases, the ratio of EL in p3 decreases, the ratio of AER in p4–m2 decreases, the ratio of thin enamel band on the lingual face of the talonid in p4–m2 decreases, and the relative length of the palatal bridge decreases. Thus, these three species can be interpreted to represent a gradually evolving sympatric lineage, from the late Late Miocene through Late Pliocene. These three species of Pliopentalagus seem to have gradually evolved toward Pentalagus, but at least one character contradicts this idea, and the phylogenetic relationship between Pliopentalagus and Pentalagus may not be so simple.