Abstract: Bovidae is one of the most diversified groups of Neogene mammals. The study of Chinese Neogene Bovidae traced back to the beginning of the 20th century(Schlosser,1903). During the 1920's and 1930's, Neogene bovid fossil collecting and describing reached a peak. Fromthe 1950's on, not only some new bovid taxa have been reported based on the materials obtained from Northern and Southwest China, but also the systematic positions of some bovid genera have been revised by Chinese paleontologists. In this paper, we try to review the taxonomy based on the most recent progress. Till now, 30 genera belonging to 5 subfamilies of Bovidae have been recognized from Chinese Neogene (Table 1). Most of the genera were found from North China. There discovered few taxa from the Late Miocene of Southwest China. Analysis of the geological and geographical distribution of fossil Bovidae from China shows 5 evolutionary phases and 4 turnovers during the Neogene: Phase 1: Late Oligocene-Early Miocene. Fossil Bovidae is only represented by Sinopalaeoceros Chen,1988(Hypsodontinae). It occurred in the Early Miocene of Qinghai and in the Late Oligocene of Xinjiang. Phase 2: Middle Miocene(Tunggurian). Bovids are characterized by the presence of Turcocerus Kohler,1987 and Kubanotragus Sokolov,1973. They distributed only in North China. Phase 3: Late Miocene(Bahean-Baodean). Bovids are characterized by the flourishing of Urmiatherini, and a specialized group belonging to Caprinae. Gazella(Antilopinae) is also one of the most common genera. Phase 4: Early Pliocene. The dominant elements are Gazella and endemic forms of Caprinae. Phase 5 Late Pliocene. Bovids are characterized by the occurrence of extant genera and species,e.g. Ovis and Gazella subgutturosa. These phases also indicate 4 turnover events of bovid faunas during the Neogene. The first turnover event happened after the first phase, in between the Early and Middle Miocene. Sinopalaeoceros went extinct, and there occurred Turcocerus, which is the dominant element during the Middle Miocene in North China. The Middle Miocene/Late Miocene boundary witnessed the second remarkable turnover event of Bovidae. None of the Middle Miocene taxa survived into the Late Miocene. The third turnover event happened near the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. The diversified group Urmiatheriini went extinct. The fourth turnover event is characterized by the occurrence of extant genera and species during and after the Late Pliocene.