Abstract: Deer fossils from the basal of the Lantian Formation are described and assigned to Cervavitus novorossiae by their medium size, three-tined antlers, curved beams, pedicles prolongated by a ridge on the frontals, the long span between the burr and first fork in young individuals, long and curved brow tine with laterally flattened fork etc. Overview of the pliocervines from China confirms that five species ofCervavitus existed in China: C. novorossiae, C. shanxius, C. huadeensis,C. ultimus, and C. fenqii. New biochronological data and comparative study suggest the possible origination of Cervavitus in East Europe, and it migrated to China from the beginning of Baode age. The differences of C. novorossiae from C. shanxius show that C. novorossiae might evolve into the latter in order to adapt to local climatic and ecological changes. From Pliocene on, the East Asian winter monsoon intensified,and there are much less records of Cervavitus and no records from Pleistocene in North China. While South China, much less affected by the winter monsoon, may be the last refuge of this genus.