Abstract: The Sihong sciurid fauna, a relatively diverse squirrel assemblage found in Jiangsu, China in 1983, is restudied. On the basis of the updated knowledge of Miocene sciurids, the specimens from the Early Miocene Xiacaowan Formation are reexamined and additional descriptions provided, and definitions of the new genera and species previously established are amended. A new genusHeterotamias is named based on the material previously assigned toEutamias; Shuanggouia formerly placed in Pteromyinae is here considered to be a member of Sciurinae due to its generalized sciurid dental pattern; some specimens previously referred to Shuanggouia lui are now identified with Palaeosciurus on account of their differences from the holotype of the species. Five species,Palaeosciurus jiangi, Heterotamias sihongensis, Plesiosciurus sinensis, Shuanggouia lui and Parapetaurista tenurugosa, are recognized in this restudy. Among them, Parapetaurista shows similarities to the Middle-Late Miocene Miopetaurista in dental pattern, but their systematic relationship remains uncertain. The Sihong squirrels appear to represent a sciurid fauna dominated by chipmunk-like animals and restricted to eastern China.