甘肃和政晚中新世许氏鼠(啮齿类：鼠科)头骨化石

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.200319

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

描述了甘肃临夏盆地晚中新世柳树组中采集到的一件鼠亚科具下颌骨的头骨和数节颈椎化石(IVPP V 16288)。该头骨代表许氏鼠的一新种,被命名为亚洲许氏鼠(Huerzelerimys asiaticus sp. nov.)。这是许氏鼠头骨的首次发现。其主要特征是：个体较小;头骨较宽短,具较宽短的吻部和较窄的眶间区;有较发达的前颌骨侧背嵴;两额嵴弱,近于平行;门齿孔长,向后延伸至M1前齿根舌侧;后颚孔位于M2舌侧;硬颚后缘位于M3之后;无翼间孔;具骨质的翼蝶管和膨大的听泡;内颈动脉孔的位置靠近基结节;下颌骨水平支较低,齿隙凹入较深;咬肌嵴伸至m1前缘下方;颏孔位于m1的前下方,咬肌嵴前方,靠近齿隙;I2为垂直伸型;M1的t1位置较H. exiguus靠前;M1和M2的t6和t9的连接脊明显,t12为低的脊形;M2的t1和t3以及M3的t1均与t5连;M3有t3和较大而孤立的t8; m1的下前中尖(Acc)明显,与颊侧下前边尖(Abc)和舌侧下前边尖(Alc)连;m1和m2颊侧齿带明显,有较大的c2与下原尖相连,后根为低弱的脊形;m2和m3的Abc孤立;m3无c1等。根据H. asiaticus的进化程度,H. aisaticus的产出时代可能比H. exiguus的稍晚,为灞河期晚期,大致与欧洲MN11上部或MN12下部的时代相当。

关键词: 甘肃和政, 晚中新世, 柳树组, 许氏鼠, 鼠亚科

Abstract:

A skull with mandible and several cervicals of a new species of Huerzelerimys, H. asiaticus, collected from the Late Miocene Liushu Formation in Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, is described in this paper. The skull is the first one ever found for the genus Huerzelerimys. Its main characters are: size small; skull broad and short with stout rostrum; interorbital roof narrow; premaxillary laterodorsal crest well developed; frontal crests weak and subparallel; incisive foramina long, with their posterior ends lined up with anterior root of M1; posterior palatal foramina located mesial to M2; caudal border of hard palate lying posterior to M3; interpterygoid foramen absent; alisphenoid canal bony; bulla large and inflated; internal carotid foramen located near the basilar tubercle; mandible having low horizontal ramus and deeply concave diastema; anterior end of masseteric ridge lined up with anterior margin of m1; mental foramen situated slightly anterior to masseteric ridge and anteroventral to m1, near to mandibular diastema; upper incisors orthodont; M1 having slightly anteriorly located t1; in M1 and M2 t6 and t9 connected by distinct crest and t12 crest-like; t1 and t3 of M2 and t1 of M3 connected to t5; M3 having t3 and a large isolated t8; small Acc of m1 connected with both Alc and Abc; m1 and m2 having distinct buccal cingula, larger c2 attached to protoconid, and low crest-like posterior heel; m2 and m3 having isolated Abc; c1 absent in m3. The evolutionary level of the described skull tends to show that the age of the upper part of the Liushu Formation yielding H. asiaticus may belong to late Bahean, corresponding to European upper MN11 or lower MN12.

Key words: Hezheng, Gansu, Late Miocene, Liushu Formation, Huerzelerimys, Murinae

中图分类号:

Q915.873

王伴月, 邱占祥, 李绿洲. 甘肃和政晚中新世许氏鼠(啮齿类：鼠科)头骨化石. 古脊椎动物学报, 2020, 58(2): 120-133.

WANG Ban-Yue, QIU Zhan-Xiang, LI Lü-Zhou. A Late Miocene Huerzelerimys (Rodentia: Muridae) skull from Hezheng, Gansu, China. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2020, 58(2): 120-133.

图/表 7

Fig. 1 Nomenclature used for molars of MuridaeAbbreviations: Abc. anterobuccal cusp; Acc. anterocentral cusp; Alc. anterolingual cusp; c1?c3. accessory cusps; End. entoconid; Hyd. hypoconid; Ls. longitudinal spur; Med. metaconid; Ph. posterior hell; Prd. protoconid; t1?t12. tubercles; t1bis and t2bis. appendices to t1 and t2 (After Qiu and Li, 2016)

Fig. 2 Skull of Huerzelerimys asiaticus sp. nov. (IVPP V 16288, holotype) from Hezheng, Gansu A. dorsal view; B. left lateral view; C. right lateral view; D. ventral view (stereopair)Abbreviations of foramina and other structures: aasc. anterior foramen of alisphenoid canal; ab. auditory bulla; asc. alisphenoid canal; bt. basilar tubercles; cst. crista supratympanica; eam. external auditory meatus;epp. external pterygoid process; etf. ethmoidal foramen; eucf. foramen of Eustachian canal; fc. frontal crest; fm. foramen magnum; fo. foramen ovale; fr. foramen rotundum; glf. glenoid fossa; hyf. hypoglossal foramen; icf. internal carotid foramen; inf. incisive foramen; iof. infraorbital foramen; ipp. internal pterygoid process; juf. jugular foramen; lt. lacrimal tubercle; mlf. middle lacerate foramen; mptf. mesopterygoid fossa;msf. mastoid foramen; msp. mastoid process; mt. masseteric tubercle; occ. occipital condyle;opf. optic foramen; pasc. posterior foramen of the alisphenoid canal; pgf. postglenoid foramen; pmldc. premaxillary laterodorsal crest; ppf. posterior palatine foramen; ps. palatine sulcus; ptf. pterygoid fossa;stf. stapedial foramen; styf. stylomastoid foramen; tc. temporal crest Bones: As. alisphenoid; Bo. basioccipital; Bs. basisphenoid; F. frontal; Ip. interparietal; L. lacrimal; M. maxilla; N. nasal; Oc. occipital; P. parietal; Pl. palatine; Pm. premaxilla; Pms. petromastoid portion; Pt. pterygoid; Sq. squamosal

Fig. 3 Mandible of Huerzelerimys asiaticus sp. nov. (IVPP V 16288, holotype) from Hezheng, Gansu A1-3. left mandible; B1-3. right mandible; A1, B1. occlusal view; A2, B2. buccal view; A3, B3. lingual view+Abbreviations: ap. angular process; cdp. condyloid process; crp. coronoid process; eptf. external pterygoid fovea; i2b. bulge formed by i2; iptf. internal pterygoid fovea; mdf. mandibular foramen; mn. mandibular notch; mr. masseteric ridge; mstf. masseteric fossa; mtf. mental foramen; tf. temporal fovae

Fig. 4 Occlusal view of molars of Huerzelerimys asiaticus sp. nov. (IVPP V 16288) from Hezheng, Gansu A1. right M1?3; A2. left M1?3; B1. left m1?3; B2. right m1?3

Fig. 5 Cervical vertebrae of Huerzelerimys asiaticus sp. nov. (IVPP V 16288, holotype) from Hezheng, Gansu A. dorsal view; B. left lateral view; C. anterior view; D. posterior view+Abbreviations: C3-C7. 3rd-7th cervical vertebrae; cap. caput; fprzy. facet on prezygapophysis;invf. intervertebral foramen; ldvc. lamina dorsalis vertebrae cervicalis VI; lvvc. lamina ventralis vertebrae cervicalis VI; przy. prezygapophysis; pva. pedicle of vertebral arch; pzy. postzygapophysis;sp. spinous process; trf. transverse foramen; trpr. transverse process; vfs. verterbral fossa

Table 1 Measuremens of skull and mandible of Huerzelerimys asiaticus sp. nov. (IVPP V 16288, holotype) (mm)

Parameter	Left	Right	Parameter	Left	Right
1. Condylonasal length (CNL)	27+		(15/3) (%)	89
2. Condylobasal length (CBL)	26.6+		16. Nasal length (NL)	9.5+
3. Length of anterior part of skull (LAS)	9		(16/2) (%)	36
4. Length of posterior part of skull (LPS)	17.5		17. Anterior width of nasals (AWN)	1.8	1.8
(3/4) (%)	51		18. Posterior width of nasals (PWN)	0.7	0.7
5. Palatal length (PL)	14.5		19. Interorbital width (IOW)	4.2
6. Length of maxillary diastema (LMXD)	7.3		20. Zygomatic width (ZW)	15+
7. Length of palatal bridge (LPB)	5		(20/2) (%)	56
8. Anterior width of palatal bridge (AWPB)	3		21. Width of cranial part at mastoid processes (WCM)	13 (6.5 × 2)
9. Posterior width of palatal bridge (PWPB)	3.2		(21/2) (%)	49
(9/7) (%)	64		22. Length of auditory bulla (LAB)	5.4	5.4
10. Length of incisive foramen (LIF)	6	6	(22/2) (%)	20.3	20.3
11. Rostrum length (RL)	6		23. Width of auditory bulla (WA)	4	4
(11/2) (%)	22.5		24. Distance between two auditory bullae (DAB)	2.7
(10/11) (%)	100		25. Nuchal height (NH)	8e
12. Anterior width of rostrum (AWR)	4.5		26. Mandibular length (MDL)	15.8	14.7+
13. Posterior width of rostrum (PWR)	5.9		27. Height of condyloid process of mandible (HCPM)		8.4
(13/11) (%)	98		28. Length of mandibular diastema (LMD)	4	4
14. Rostrum height (RH)	5		29. Height of mandibular diastema (HMD)	2	2
15. Height of middle part of skull (HMS)	8		30. Height of horizontal ramus of mandible (HHR)	4.2	4.3

Table 2 Measurements of teeth of Huerzelerimys asiaticus sp. nov. (IVPP V 16288, holotype) (mm)

Parameter	Left	Right	Parameter	Left	Right
M1-3 L	4.6	4.6	m1-3 L	4.5	4.5
M1 L	2.3	2.25	m1 L	2	1.9
W	1.5	1.5	W	1.3	1.3
W/L (%)	65	67	W/L (%)	65	68
M2 L	1.7	1.7	m2 L	1.5	1.5
W	1.55	1.5	W	1.46	1.4
W/L (%)	91	88	W/L (%)	97	93
M3 L	1.1	1.1	m3 L	1.2	1.3
W	1.1	1.1	W	1.2	1.15
W/L (%)	100	100	W/L (%)	100	88
I2 L	1.6	1.6	i2 L	1.4	1.5
W	1.1	1.1	W	0.9	1

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