义县组上部一件无齿翼龙超科前肢及对金刚山义县翼龙的修订

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.201124

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热河生物群的翼龙都发现于义县组和九佛堂组。金刚山层位于义县组上部,已经报道的翼龙包括最早发现的两件翼龙胚胎,两件古翼手龙超科的标本,以及一件存疑的金刚山义县翼龙。对这一层位发现的一件前肢标本进行了描述,并确定其属于无齿翼龙超科。对现存于本溪地质博物馆的金刚山义县翼龙的正型标本进行了观察,并修订其鉴定特征。无齿翼龙超科成员具有独有的特征组合为：牙齿垂直于咬合面,呈三角形且唇舌向扁,前两对更长更细;第二翼指骨长度约为第一翼指骨的93%。在热河生物群中,古翼手龙超科的标本主要发现于义县组,而古神翼龙超科主要发现于九佛堂组。包括这件新标本和金刚山义县翼龙在内的无齿翼龙超科在九佛堂组发现的略多于义县组,这与之前认为的翼龙分布情况不同。

关键词: 辽西, 早白垩世, 热河生物群, 金刚山层, 无齿翼龙超科, 义县翼龙

Abstract:

Pterosaurs in the Jehol Biota have been found in the Yixian and Jiufotang formations. The Jingangshan bedding is in the upper part of the Yixian Formation. The first two pterosaur embryos ever discovered in the world, two archaeopterodactyloid specimens, and the questionable Yixianopterus jingangshanensis have been reported in previous literature. Here, we describe a forelimb from this horizon and confirm its phylogenetic position in the Pteranodontoidea. The holotype of Y. jingangshanensis, now housed at Benxi Geological Museum, has been examined. The diagnosis of this taxon has been revised without the consideration of the artificial parts as following, a pteranodontoid pterosaur with a distinguished combination of characters: triangular and labiolingually compressed teeth with the first two more slender and longer than the others; teeth vertical to the occlusal surface; the second wing phalanx about 93% the length of the first wing phalanx. In the Jehol Biota, archaeopterodactyloid specimens have been mainly discovered from the Yixian Formation, while tapejaroids are almost found from the Jiufotang Formation. Including the new forelimb and Y. jingangshanensis, the pteranodontoids from the Jiufotang Formation are slightly greater in number than those from the Yixian Formation in species and specimens, differing from the previous thoughts on the distribution.

Key words: western Liaoning, Early Cretaceous, Jehol Biota, Jingangshan bedding, Pteranodontoidea, Yixianopterus

中图分类号:

Q915.864

蒋顺兴, 张鑫俊, 程心, 汪筱林. 义县组上部一件无齿翼龙超科前肢及对金刚山义县翼龙的修订. 古脊椎动物学报, 2021, 59(2): 81-94.

JIANG Shun-Xing, ZHANG Xin-Jun, CHENG Xin, WANG Xiao-Lin. A new pteranodontoid pterosaur forelimb from the upper Yixian Formation, with a revision of Yixianopterus jingangshanensis. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2021, 59(2): 81-94.

图/表 7

Fig. 1 Photo (A) and line drawing (B) of IVPP V 26166 from the upper Yixian Formation Two circles show the regions using the method of micro-CL, and two arrows show the different layers exposed in this specimen Abbreviations: dca. distal syncarpal; hu. humerus; mc I-IV. metacarpal I-IV; pac. preaxial carpal; pca. proximal syncarpal; pf. pneumatic foramen; ph1-2d1. first or second phalanx of manual digit I; ph1d4. first phalanx of manual digit IV; ptd. pteroid; ra. radius; se A. sesamoid A; se C. sesamoid C; ul. ulna

Fig. 2 Close-up of IVPP V 26166 from the upper Yixian Formation A. The right humerus in medial view; B. The carpal region in ventral view; C. The first metacarpal and manual digit in ventral view; D. metacarpals II-IV Abbreviations: atu. anterior tubercle; dpc. deltopectoral crest; fo. foramen; ftp. flexor tendon process; h. head; tub. tuberculum; us. ungual sheath; vcd. ventral condyle; and the others see the caption of Fig. 1

Fig. 3 Micro-CL images of IVPP V 26166 from the upper Yixian Formation A, B. the carpal region, same as the region in the right circle of Fig. 1; C, D. the distal region of Metacarpal IV, same as the region in the left circle of Fig. 1 Abbreviations: fov. fovea; and the others see the captions of Figs. 1, 2

Table 1 Measurements of all elements in IVPP V 26166 (mm)

	Length	Mid-width
humerus	98.11^a)	16.55
	101.60^b)
radius	190.43	6.21
ulna	189.42^a)	12.93
carpals (proximal and distal)	11.12 (in the middle)	25.69
metacarpal I	134.92^b)(100.44+34.48)	-
metacarpal II	42.06	-
metacarpal III	29.67^b)	-
metacarpal IV	134.97	15.05
		20.29 (max); 9.64 (min)
pteroid	30.66^a)	-
first phalanx of manual digit I	20.00	2.20
second phalanx of manual digit I	9.71	-
first phalanx of manual digit IV	204.09^a)	12.96 (min)

Fig. 4 The holotype of Yixianopterus jingangshanensis (JZMP-V-12) in Benxi Geological Museum A. photo of the whole specimen. The two regions in grey color indicate the artificial parts, and the region in the red circle should have been located in the blue circle based on what the person who found this specimen recalls; B. close-up of the teeth; C. close-up of the foot Abbreviations: fe. femur; ft. foot; mt I-IV. metatarsal I-IV; pd 1-4. pedal digit I-IV; ph1-4d4. first to fourth phalanx of manual digit IV; ti. tibia; and the others see the caption of Fig. 1

Fig. 5 Phylogenetic results based on the matrix of Kellner et al., 2019 A. the strict consensus tree of 28 most parsimonious trees with a length of 361 steps; B. the reduced consensus tree without an unstable taxon (IVPP V 26166) 1. Ornithocheiroidea; 2. Pteranodontoidea; 3. Istiodactylidae

Table 2 Comparison of pterosaur assemblages between Yixian and Jiufotang formations (in species)

	Anu	Arc	Pteranodontoidea			Tapejaroidea
	Anu	Arc	Bor	Ist	oth	Tap	Cha
Jiufotang Formation	0	3	0	6	4	5	3
upper Yixian Formation	0	1	0	0	2	0	0
lower-middle Yixian Formation	1	7	3	1	1	1	0

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