Abstract: The mammalian fauna from the Yangjiawan Caves in Jiangxi contains more than 40 species, including Stegodon and Elephas, whose age is Late Pleistocene. The 40 pieces of Stegodon fossils include such elements as DP2, DP3, DP4, M1, M3, dp3, m2 and m3, which can be included in the species S. orientalis according to their morphological characters and their dimensions; but with the following specialities: the teeth are relatively small, with thin but wrinkled enamel layer, the mammillae are lesser in number but well defined and equally developed, DP3 and dp3 with larger W/L ratios, and the cement is not well developed. The fossils of Elephas are few, only 2 isolated lamellae whose thickness and size correspond with those of Elephas maximus. In addition, a fragment of tusk (upper incisor) of elephant was also recovered, whose Schreger outer angle is 136°, which falls within the ranges of both Stegodon and Elephas. Therefore, it is difficult to refer it to eitherStegodon or Elephas. This is the first sample of fossil elephant tusk with Schreger outer angle examined in China. The range of S. orientalis covered almost all of the period of Pleistocene in southern China, but the situation forE. maximus is far from clear because of the taxonomic uncertainty of the Early-Middle Pleistocene Elephas (Palaeoloxodon). It is sure that E. maximusbecame popular since Late Pleistocene. According to the study on the origin of the modern species of Asian elephant, the Stegodon-Elephas assemblage in southern China probably has a late Middle-Late Pleistocene age, and definitely with a Late Pleistocene age. The fossils of Stegodon were recovered throughout all the period of Quaternary in southern China, and even appeared in some localities in northern China during the Early Pleistocene. Whereas the elephantid species, including Palaeoloxodon and Elephas, were absent in southern China during the Early Pleistocene epoche, but widely spreaded during the Middle-Late Pleistocene. What should be emphasized is that it isStegodon which used to dominate the proboscidean fauna during the whole period of Pleistocene in southern China, but the last survivor is Elephas even though it was poorly documented in the fossil records, and Stegodon got extinct around the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary.