Abstract: Application of CT (computed tomography) scanning technology to the study of tooth morphology of mylagaulids makes better understanding the tooth structure of high-crowned mylagaulids. Two genera and species from the early Middle Miocene Halamagai Formation in northern Junggar Basin ofXinjiang are recognized: Tschalimys ckhikvadzei Shevyreva, 1971, the senior synonym of Sinomylagaulus halamagaiensis Wu, 1988 and Simpligaulus yangigen. et sp. nov. Both taxa undoubtedly belong to the subfamily Promylagaulinae. The integrated lithological, paleontological and paleomagnetic studies on sediments of the Late Oligocene through Late Miocene in the northern Junggar Basin of Xinjiang demonstrate that Halamagai Formation is fluvial-lacustrine sediments formed during the time coincident to the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum. T. ckhikvadzei and S. yangi probably inhabit the humid and warm regions with forests and densely vegetated thickets as the living mountain beaver Aplodontia rufa does. These mylagaulids are probably immigrants or the descendants of the immigrants from west North America.