Abstract:  Measurements of carbon and oxygen isotopes in mammalian tooth enamel have been widely used for the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions. However, previous studies mainly focused on relatively large mammals owing to sample size and technique constraints. As the result of recent developments in laser and ion microprobe techniques, stable isotopic analyses can be also applied to small mammal teeth (e.g. rodents and lagomorphs). Based on the previous reports, three techniques with high accuracy and precision but requiring much smaller quantity of samples are reviewed and compared in the present paper. These techniques include: 1) laser ablation Gas Chromatography/Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC/IRMS); 2) Direct Laser Fluorination (DLF); 3) Sensitive High Resolution Ion MicroProbe (SHRIMP II). Compared with large fossil mammals, small ones are characterized by much higher abundance, more rapid evolution and more restricted habitats. Thus, small fossil mammals can be widely used for long-term local paleoenvironment and paleoclimate studies with high-resolution in the Cenozoic Era.