Abstract:  The 3D laser scanning technique is nowadays more and more applied in the study of skeleton morphology. Complete 3D model of external geometry can be easily obtained by laser scanning. It contains all the external morphologic information, both size and shape, which is the prerequisite for quantitative study of fossil morphology. The materials in this study include specimens of giant panda, Asian black bear, brown bear, and polar bear. Using 3D laser scanning, the complete 3D models of skulls and mandibles of 28 individuals are built. Nine mandible morphological indexes and 15 skull morphological indexes are selected to build mathematical models. We use J48 algorithm of WEKA to build decision trees for pattern classification. 23 landmarks of mandibles and 29 landmarks of skulls are sorted, of which 3D coordinates are used as initial variables to tell the morphological differences of mandibles and craniums of the 28 individuals in the principal component analysis. The result shows that the morphology of giant panda’s skull and mandible is significantly different from the other three ursid forms; the morphology of brown bear’s skull and mandible is in between the black bear and polar bear. The overall cranial morphology of Ailuropoda microta is similar to that of giant panda, but also out of the intraspecific variation, which is another evidence of the durophagous feeding behavior of this Early Pleistocene giant panda. The methods of 3D modeling, decision tree and principal components analysis introduced herein promise future application in morphologic studies.