甘肃庆阳晚中新世板齿犀类的骰骨材料及其形态学意义

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.210809

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

描述了一件来自甘肃庆阳晚中新世地层的犀牛的骰骨标本,尺寸巨大,超过泥河湾高加索板齿犀(Elasmotherium caucasicum)的平均值。庆阳标本的形态与板齿犀族其他标本相同,很可能属于大型板齿犀类的中华板齿犀。与现生犀牛相比,其骨体与结节的组合形式具有功能上的意义,骨体平面和结节主轴之间的夹角暗示着板齿犀类所占据的生态类型。通过骰骨的形态分析推测,中华板齿犀和更进步的板齿犀类生活在以森林为主的环境,这与之前关于板齿犀类生活环境的推断不同。

关键词: 甘肃庆阳, 晚中新世, 板齿犀类, 骰骨, 古生态

Abstract:

A cuboid specimen collected from the Late Miocene stratum at Qingyang, Gansu, China is described here. The size of the Qingyang specimen is comparatively huge, even larger than the average size of Elasmotherium caucasicum collected from Nihewan, Hebei, China. The morphology of the Qingyang specimen is identical to that of other specimens of Elasmotheriini; thus, the Qingyang specimen belongs to a huge elasmothere, most probably Sinotherium. By comparison with extant rhino species, the complex of the main body and the apophysis exhibit functional significance. The angle between the frontal plate of the cuboid and the main axis of the apophysis can suggest the ecological conditions occupied by an elasmothere. From analysis of the morphology of the cuboid, Sinotherium and the more derived elasmotheres probably lived in forested or wooded environments, differing from the previous hypothesis of their paleoenvironment.

Key words: Qingyang, Gansu, Late Miocene, elasmotheres, cuboid bone, paleoceology

中图分类号:

Q915.877

张晓晓, 孙丹辉. 甘肃庆阳晚中新世板齿犀类的骰骨材料及其形态学意义. 古脊椎动物学报, 2022, 60(1): 29-41.

ZHANG Xiao-Xiao, SUN Dan-Hui. A cuboid bone of a large Late Miocene elasmothere from Qingyang, Gansu, and its morphological significance. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2022, 60(1): 29-41.

图/表 8

Table 1 Comparison of cuboids of elasmotheres in China (mm)

	?Sinotherium	Elasmotherium caucasicum				Hispanotherium tungurense
	THP 04553	THP 20304	THP 20306	THP 20307	THP 20309	AMNH 129963	AMNH 129964
1	~88	96.7	93.2	88.2	89.3	70.4	60.2
2	68.7	59.6	57.7	52.7	59.4	42.8	35.2
3	~80	74.1	68.7	65.1	69.9	61.9	48
4	73.8	68.7	69.6	64.2	64.2	55.1	45.1
5	69.9	62.9	57.5	52.2	51.8	42.1	34.1
6	59.1	63.3	57.5	57.5	56.5	56.6	53.8

Fig. 1 Measurements of rhinocerotid cuboid in lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views Modified from Guérin (1980)

Fig. 2 Left cuboid of ?Sinotherium, THP 04553 from Qingyang in dorsal (A), plantar (B), proximal (C), distal (D), lateral (E) and medial (F) views

Fig. 3 Ratio diagrams of cuboids of Qingyang specimen and other rhinocerotids The numbers on the x axis are the measurements listed in Fig. 1 The y axis is the logarithm (base 10) of the ratios between the measurements of each species and the reference line of zero represents the black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis

Fig. 4 Reconstructed superficial muscle-ligament system of the hind limb of rhinocerotoid, based on Hünermann (1989), Qiu and Wang (2007)

Fig. 5 Diagram of the hind limb skeleton showing the position of the cuboid in relation to the other bones A. more flexed limb posture; B. less flexed limb posture. Modified from Hünermann (1989)

Fig. 6 Morphological comparison of cuboids of the Qingyang specimen and other rhinocerotids, all specimens are left and showed in lateral view A. THP 04553, ?Sinotherium in Qingyang; B. THP 20309, Elasmotherium caucasicum in Nihewan; C. AMNH 129963, Hispanotherium tungurense in Tunggur; D. THP 07774, Coelodonta antiquitatis in Sjara-osso-gol; E. AMNH M 51855, Ceratotherium simum; F. AMNH M 81805, Diceros bicornis; G. AMNH M 54456, Rhinoceros unicornis; H. AMNH M 81892, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis; I. HLMD F 49, Aceratherium incisivum in Höwenegg

Fig. 7 Paleozoogeography of giant elasmotheres Modified from Shvyreva (2015)

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