江苏安徽早三叠世裂齿鱼科一新种：吴氏三叠鱼

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.240528

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

裂齿鱼科是新鳍鱼类干群的一支，只生活于三叠纪。根据江苏句容和安徽巢湖早三叠世奥伦尼克期晚史密斯亚期海相地层中发现的6块保存较好的化石，命名了裂齿鱼科一新种，吴氏三叠鱼( Teffichthys wui sp. nov.)。它代表了三叠鱼属的第三个种，时代上略晚于非洲马达加斯加早史密斯亚期的马达加斯加三叠鱼和贵州印度期晚第纳尔亚期的优雅三叠鱼，是该属迄今已知最年轻的种。新种具有三叠鱼属的共近裔特征(一块喷水骨，38-41列侧线鳞，尾鳍轴上鳍条不超过3条), 但同时它以一些自近裔特征与马达加斯加三叠鱼和优雅三叠鱼相区别，如主鳃盖骨和下鳃盖骨水平接触，鳞片光滑并且后缘无锯齿。根据新种与其他裂齿鱼科鱼类的详细比较，修订了三叠鱼属及裂齿鱼科的鉴定特征。在分支系统学研究的基础上，讨论了裂齿鱼科与其他新鳍鱼类干群的系统发育关系。研究结果为了解新鳍鱼类干群的系统发育和分类提供了新的信息。

关键词: 江苏, 安徽, 早三叠世, 裂齿鱼目, 骨骼学, 系统发育

Abstract:

Perleididae is a group of stem neopterygian fishes known only from the Triassic. Here, we report the discovery of a new perleidid, Teffichthys wui sp. nov., based on six well-preserved specimens from the late Smithian (Olenekian, Early Triassic) marine deposits of Jurong, Jiangsu and Chaohu, Anhui, China. This new discovery documents the third and youngest species of Teffichthys , which is slightly younger than the Dienerian (Induan) T. elegans from Guizhou and the early Smithian T. madagascariensis from Madagascar. The new species shows diagnostic features of Teffichthys (presence of a spiracular, 38-41 lateral line scales, and no more than three epaxial rays in the caudal fin) but differs from T. madagascariensis and T. elegans in some autapomorphies (e.g., a horizontal opercle/subopercle contact and smooth scales with a nearly straight posterior margin). The diagnostic features for the genus Teffichthys and the family Perleididae are emended based on detailed comparisons of the new taxon with other perleidids. The phylogenetic relationships of perleidids with other stem neopterygians are discussed using a cladistic approach, and the results provide new insights into the phylogeny and classification of main stem neopterygian clades.

Key words: Jiangsu, Anhui, Early Triassic, Perleidiformes, osteology, phylogeny

中图分类号:

Q915.862

徐光辉, 袁志伟, 任艺, 廖浚伶, 赵丽君, 宋海军. 江苏安徽早三叠世裂齿鱼科一新种：吴氏三叠鱼. 古脊椎动物学报, 2024, 62(3): 165-185.

XU Guang-Hui, YUAN Zhi-Wei, REN Yi, LIAO Jun-Ling, ZHAO Li-Jun, SONG Hai-Jun. Teffichthys wui sp. nov., a new perleidid fish from the Early Triassic of Jiangsu and Anhui, China. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2024, 62(3): 165-185.

图/表 8

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Order	Family	Characteristics
Redfieldiiformes Berg, 1940	Redfieldiidae Berg, 1940; Brookvaliidae Berg, 1940; Schizurichthyidae Hutchinson,1973	supraorbital canal reaching dermopterotic; orbit bordered anteriorly by adnasal (supraorbital) and premaxilla-antorbital; one or two pairs of branchiostegal rays
Platysiagiformes Brough, 1939	Platysiagidae Brough, 1939	nasals joined in midline; absence of suborbital and supraorbital bones; maxilla slender with numerous tiny pointed teeth
Polzbergiiformes Griffith, 1977	Polzbergiidae Griffith, 1977; Cleithrolepididae Wade, 1935; Hydropessidae Hutchinson,1973	maxilla ending below posterior orbital margin; teeth reduced or lost in both jaws; body deep, with marked dorsal hump; scales deep, ornamented with fine tubercles or rugae
Colobodontiformes ord. nov.	Colobodontidae Andersson, 1916	subopercle with deep anterodorsal process; multiple supraorbitals arranged in more than one horizontal rows; absence of suborbitals; ganoid tubercles on caudal fin rays
Perleidiformes Berg, 1937	Perleididae Brough, 1931	preopercle/maxilla contact nearly equal to anterior margin of subopercle in length; suborbital/preopercle contact nearly half length of anterior margin of preopercle; supracleithrum longer than posterior margin of opercle
Louwoichthyiformes Xu, 2021a	Louwoichthyidae Xu, 2021a; Peltoperleididae Xu, 2021b; Pseudobeaconiidae López-Arbarello & Zavattieri, 2008	maxilla relatively short and deep, ending at level of posterior orbital margin; ventral portion of preopercle contacting maxilla anteriorly; subopercle slightly larger than opercle, with prominent anteroventral extension; two or three pairs of branchiostegal rays
Luganoiiformes Lehman, 1958	Luganoiidae Brough, 1939; Fuyuanperleididae Sun et al., 2012	lacrimal fused with maxilla; anterior flank scales greatly deepened, contacting two or three horizontal rows of posterior scales; absence of fringing fulcra
Peltopleuriformes Gardiner, 1967	Peltopleuridae Brough, 1939; Thoracopteridae Griffith, 1977	supraorbital sensory canal ending in the frontal; absence of preopercle/dermopterotic contact; presence of postspiracle; enlarged lateral scutes associated with anal fin; brush-like rays proximally articulating several stout segments at posterior portion of male anal fin
	Venusichthyidae Xu & Zhao, 2016	absence of supraorbitals; oral margin of maxilla convex; two preopercular elements on each side of skull; quadratomandibular articulation below orbital center; two pairs of branchiostegal rays; hook-like contact organ anterior to male anal fin

Order	Family	Characteristics
Redfieldiiformes Berg, 1940	Redfieldiidae Berg, 1940; Brookvaliidae Berg, 1940; Schizurichthyidae Hutchinson,1973	supraorbital canal reaching dermopterotic; orbit bordered anteriorly by adnasal (supraorbital) and premaxilla-antorbital; one or two pairs of branchiostegal rays
Platysiagiformes Brough, 1939	Platysiagidae Brough, 1939	nasals joined in midline; absence of suborbital and supraorbital bones; maxilla slender with numerous tiny pointed teeth
Polzbergiiformes Griffith, 1977	Polzbergiidae Griffith, 1977; Cleithrolepididae Wade, 1935; Hydropessidae Hutchinson,1973	maxilla ending below posterior orbital margin; teeth reduced or lost in both jaws; body deep, with marked dorsal hump; scales deep, ornamented with fine tubercles or rugae
Colobodontiformes ord. nov.	Colobodontidae Andersson, 1916	subopercle with deep anterodorsal process; multiple supraorbitals arranged in more than one horizontal rows; absence of suborbitals; ganoid tubercles on caudal fin rays
Perleidiformes Berg, 1937	Perleididae Brough, 1931	preopercle/maxilla contact nearly equal to anterior margin of subopercle in length; suborbital/preopercle contact nearly half length of anterior margin of preopercle; supracleithrum longer than posterior margin of opercle
Louwoichthyiformes Xu, 2021a	Louwoichthyidae Xu, 2021a; Peltoperleididae Xu, 2021b; Pseudobeaconiidae López-Arbarello & Zavattieri, 2008	maxilla relatively short and deep, ending at level of posterior orbital margin; ventral portion of preopercle contacting maxilla anteriorly; subopercle slightly larger than opercle, with prominent anteroventral extension; two or three pairs of branchiostegal rays
Luganoiiformes Lehman, 1958	Luganoiidae Brough, 1939; Fuyuanperleididae Sun et al., 2012	lacrimal fused with maxilla; anterior flank scales greatly deepened, contacting two or three horizontal rows of posterior scales; absence of fringing fulcra
Peltopleuriformes Gardiner, 1967	Peltopleuridae Brough, 1939; Thoracopteridae Griffith, 1977	supraorbital sensory canal ending in the frontal; absence of preopercle/dermopterotic contact; presence of postspiracle; enlarged lateral scutes associated with anal fin; brush-like rays proximally articulating several stout segments at posterior portion of male anal fin
	Venusichthyidae Xu & Zhao, 2016	absence of supraorbitals; oral margin of maxilla convex; two preopercular elements on each side of skull; quadratomandibular articulation below orbital center; two pairs of branchiostegal rays; hook-like contact organ anterior to male anal fin