古脊椎动物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (4): 291-312.DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.240829
收稿日期:
2024-07-08
出版日期:
2024-10-20
发布日期:
2024-10-18
基金资助:
QUAN Shuo-Shuo1,2, WANG Yuan-Qing1,2,*()
Received:
2024-07-08
Published:
2024-10-20
Online:
2024-10-18
Contact:
*wangyuanqing@ivpp.ac.cn摘要:
全齿目是新生代早期首批出现的真兽类哺乳动物之一,其中不乏当时体型最大的一些植食性动物。全齿目在古新世和始新世期间相当多样化,在亚洲和北美洲具有较丰富的化石记录。报道并描述了一件采自广东南雄盆地中古新统浓山组竹桂坑段的全齿类下颌骨化石材料。其独特的下颌和牙齿特征明显区别于任何已知的亚洲全齿类,而与北美的全齿类,尤其是全棱兽属(Pantolambda)和巨脊齿兽属(Titanoides)较为相似。新标本被命名为叶氏南雄脊齿兽(Nanxiongilambda yei gen. et sp. nov.), 其鉴定特征包括:下颌骨较粗壮且具前外凸缘,髁突位置显著高于颊齿齿列,角突最后端向后延伸至略超过髁突后缘的位置,下犬齿粗壮但并不前后向延长,下前臼齿具双齿根,下臼齿下跟座发育,m3下次小尖发育且向后伸展,m3下内尖独立且清晰可辨。形态特征的综合对比显示,南雄脊齿兽与北美洲的全棱兽类有着明确的亲缘关系。这是全棱兽类在北美以外的首次发现,表明古新世期间全棱兽类具有比此前认为更加广泛的地理分布。鉴于更加原始的早期全棱兽类仅存在于北美洲(Torrejonian-early Tiffanian, 相当于上湖期中晚期-浓山期早期), 略早于南雄脊齿兽(浓山期早期), 全棱兽类很可能在早古新世晚期-中古新世早期经历了一次从北美到东亚的迁徙。以前认为全齿类的扩散仅发生在早古新世从亚洲至北美的方向上,新材料的发现表明在早-中古新世期间,全齿类仍有可能从北美扩散到亚洲。南雄脊齿兽的发现不仅为全齿类的演化历史提供了新的信息,也为古新世期间哺乳动物的洲际迁徙与扩散提供了新的证据。
中图分类号:
权硕硕, 王元青. 亚洲首个全棱兽类(哺乳纲:全齿目)化石及其动物地理学意义. 古脊椎动物学报, 2024, 62(4): 291-312.
QUAN Shuo-Shuo, WANG Yuan-Qing. First Asian Paleocene pantolambdid pantodont (Mammalia) and its implications to intercontinental faunal exchange. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2024, 62(4): 291-312.
Fig. 1 Right lower jaw with cheek teeth of Nanxiongilambda yei gen. et sp. nov. (IVPP V33263, Holotype) from Nanxiong, Guangdong, China A. lateral view; B. medial viewAbbreviations: agp. angular process; apf. anteroposterior flange; cdp. condyloid process; cop. coronoid process; maf. masseteric fossa; mdf. mandibular foramen; mf. mental foramina
Fig. 2 Lower jaws with teeth of Nanxiongilambda yei gen. et sp. nov. (IVPP V33263, Holotype) from Nanxiong, Guangdong, China A. left and right mandible in occlusal view; B. left mandible in lateral view; C. left mandible in medial view; D. right cheek teeth (p2-p4 and m2-m3) in occlusal view; E. left cheek teeth (p1-m1) in occlusal viewAbbreviations: end. entoconid; hyd. hypoconid; hyld. hypoconulid; med. metaconid; pad. paraconid; prd. protoconid; tad. talonid
Lower teeth | N. yei | P. bathmodon | P. cavirictum | C. jepseni | T. primaevus | T. gidleyi | T. zeuxis | T. looki | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V33263 (Type) | KU 8072 | AMNH 3961 (Type) | PU 14863 (Type) | USNM 7934 (Type) | PU 13235 (Type) | FMNH 15551 | FMNHP-15520 (Type) | |||||||||
left | right | Simons, | Cope, | Simons, | Gidley, | Jepsen, | Simons, | Patterson, | ||||||||
c L | 22.2 | 8.9 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 26.0 | 21.3 | 44.0 | |||||||||
c W | 19.6 | 9.4 | 16.0 | 15.0 | 19.0 | 14.0 | 22.1 | |||||||||
p1 L | 11.1 | 6.3 | 20.6 | 13.0 | ||||||||||||
p1 W | 8.5 | 3.8 | 8.0 | 8.0 | ||||||||||||
p2 L | 13.7 | 12.8 | 7.6 | 11.0 | 13.8 | 13.5 | 13.0 | 14.4 | ||||||||
p2 W | 11.3 | 11.4 | 5.2 | 9.1 | 12.5 | 11.4 | 10.1 | 11.3 | ||||||||
p3 L | 14.9 | 14.2 | 11.8 | 15.6 | 16.0 | 15.2 | 16.0 | |||||||||
p3 W | 12.3 | 13.3 | 10.8 | 14.0 | 14.5 | 11.8 | 14.0 | |||||||||
p4 L | 17.6 | 16.6 | 8.2 | 13.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 15.0 | 17.3 | ||||||||
p4 W | 14.2 | 14.4 | 7.5 | 11.9 | 14.4 | 15.3 | 12.0 | 16.2 | ||||||||
m1 L | 17.2* | 9.5 | 17.5 | 16.6 | 21.7 | 17.5 | 19.6 | |||||||||
m1 trd W | 13.5 | 7.6 | 14.5 | 14.2 | 15.6 | 15.0 | 13.5 | 15.3 | ||||||||
m1 tad W | 11.3 | 7.9 | 14.4 | 12.9 | 12.3 | 11.0 | 13.3 | |||||||||
m2 L | 21.9 | 10.9 | 19.5 | 20.0 | 27.9 | 23.2 | 23.8 | 24.0 | ||||||||
m2 trd W | 14.4 | 8.7 | 15.0 | 15.8 | 18.8 | 15.7 | 14.1 | 17.6 | ||||||||
m2 tad W | 13.3 | 8.3 | 14.3 | 14.9 | 17.3 | 14.9 | 15.3 | |||||||||
m3 L | 25.2 | 13.9 | 22.4 | 25.1 | 32.5 | 26.2 | 31.0 | |||||||||
m3 trd W | 13.8 | 8.4 | 13.0 | 13.9 | 19.6 | 17.2 | 14.3 | 19.7 | ||||||||
m3 tad W | 13.4 | 7.4 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 17.0 | 12.0 | 16.2 | |||||||||
p2-4 L | 47.1 | 44.6 | 46.7* | 46.7* | 47.7* | |||||||||||
m1-3 L | 61.2* | 34.3* | 57.0 | 63.1 | 72.6 | |||||||||||
p1-m3 L | 117.7* | 124.0* | 127.7* | 133.4* |
Table 1 Measurements of lower dentitions of Nanxiongilambda yei gen. et sp. nov. and comparison with species of Pantolambda, Caenolambda and Titanoides (mm)
Lower teeth | N. yei | P. bathmodon | P. cavirictum | C. jepseni | T. primaevus | T. gidleyi | T. zeuxis | T. looki | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V33263 (Type) | KU 8072 | AMNH 3961 (Type) | PU 14863 (Type) | USNM 7934 (Type) | PU 13235 (Type) | FMNH 15551 | FMNHP-15520 (Type) | |||||||||
left | right | Simons, | Cope, | Simons, | Gidley, | Jepsen, | Simons, | Patterson, | ||||||||
c L | 22.2 | 8.9 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 26.0 | 21.3 | 44.0 | |||||||||
c W | 19.6 | 9.4 | 16.0 | 15.0 | 19.0 | 14.0 | 22.1 | |||||||||
p1 L | 11.1 | 6.3 | 20.6 | 13.0 | ||||||||||||
p1 W | 8.5 | 3.8 | 8.0 | 8.0 | ||||||||||||
p2 L | 13.7 | 12.8 | 7.6 | 11.0 | 13.8 | 13.5 | 13.0 | 14.4 | ||||||||
p2 W | 11.3 | 11.4 | 5.2 | 9.1 | 12.5 | 11.4 | 10.1 | 11.3 | ||||||||
p3 L | 14.9 | 14.2 | 11.8 | 15.6 | 16.0 | 15.2 | 16.0 | |||||||||
p3 W | 12.3 | 13.3 | 10.8 | 14.0 | 14.5 | 11.8 | 14.0 | |||||||||
p4 L | 17.6 | 16.6 | 8.2 | 13.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 15.0 | 17.3 | ||||||||
p4 W | 14.2 | 14.4 | 7.5 | 11.9 | 14.4 | 15.3 | 12.0 | 16.2 | ||||||||
m1 L | 17.2* | 9.5 | 17.5 | 16.6 | 21.7 | 17.5 | 19.6 | |||||||||
m1 trd W | 13.5 | 7.6 | 14.5 | 14.2 | 15.6 | 15.0 | 13.5 | 15.3 | ||||||||
m1 tad W | 11.3 | 7.9 | 14.4 | 12.9 | 12.3 | 11.0 | 13.3 | |||||||||
m2 L | 21.9 | 10.9 | 19.5 | 20.0 | 27.9 | 23.2 | 23.8 | 24.0 | ||||||||
m2 trd W | 14.4 | 8.7 | 15.0 | 15.8 | 18.8 | 15.7 | 14.1 | 17.6 | ||||||||
m2 tad W | 13.3 | 8.3 | 14.3 | 14.9 | 17.3 | 14.9 | 15.3 | |||||||||
m3 L | 25.2 | 13.9 | 22.4 | 25.1 | 32.5 | 26.2 | 31.0 | |||||||||
m3 trd W | 13.8 | 8.4 | 13.0 | 13.9 | 19.6 | 17.2 | 14.3 | 19.7 | ||||||||
m3 tad W | 13.4 | 7.4 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 17.0 | 12.0 | 16.2 | |||||||||
p2-4 L | 47.1 | 44.6 | 46.7* | 46.7* | 47.7* | |||||||||||
m1-3 L | 61.2* | 34.3* | 57.0 | 63.1 | 72.6 | |||||||||||
p1-m3 L | 117.7* | 124.0* | 127.7* | 133.4* |
[1] | Beard K C, 1998. East of Eden: Asia as an important center of taxonomic origination in mammalian evolution. Special volume of the Symposium on Cretaceous and Early Tertiary Mammals of Asia. Bull Carnegie Mus Nat Hist, 34: 5-39 |
[2] | Brikiatis L, 2014. The De Geer, Thulean and Beringia routes: key concepts for understanding early Cenozoic biogeography. J Biogeogr, 41(6): 1036-1054 |
[3] | Chiu C S, Li C K, 1977. Miscellaneous mammalian fossils from the Paleocene of Qianshan Basin, Anhui. Vert PalAsiat, 15(2): 94-102 |
[4] | Chow M C, Qi T, 1978. Paleocene mammalian fossils from Nomogen Formation of Inner Mongolia. Vert PalAsiat, 16(2): 77-85 |
[5] | Chow M C, Wang B Y, 1978. A new pantodont genus from the Paleocene of S. China. Vert PalAsiat, 16(2): 86-90 |
[6] | Chow M C, Wang B Y, 1979. Relationship between the pantodonts and tillodonts and classification of the order Pantodonta. Vert PalAsiat, 17(1): 37-48 |
[7] | Chow M C, Chang Y P, Wang B Y et al., 1973. New mammalian genera and species from the Paleocene of Nanhsiung, N. Kwangtung. Vert PalAsiat, 11(1): 31-35 |
[8] | Clemens W A, 2017. A pantodont (Mammalia) from the latest Puercan North American land mammal age (earliest Paleocene) of the Western Interior, USA. Hist Biol, 30: 183-188 |
[9] | Clyde W C, Tong Y S, Snell K E et al., 2008. An integrated stratigraphic record from the Paleocene of the Chijiang Basin, Jiangxi Province (China): implications for mammalian turnover and Asian block rotations. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 269: 554-564 |
[10] | Clyde W C, Ting S Y, Snell K E et al., 2010. New paleomagnetic and stable‐isotope results from the Nanxiong Basin, China: implications for the K/T Boundary and the timing of Paleocene mammalian turnover. J Geol, 118(2): 131-143 |
[11] | Cope E D, 1873. On the short-footed Ungulata of the Eocene of Wyoming. Proc Am Philos Soc, 13: 38-74 |
[12] | Cope E D, 1882. Two new genera of the Puerco Eocene. Amer Nat, 16: 417-418 |
[13] | Cope E D, 1883. The ancestor of Coryphodon. Amer Nat, 17: 406-407 |
[14] | Gazin C L, 1956. Paleocene mammalian faunas of the Bison Basin in south-central Wyoming. Smithson Misc Coll, 131(6): 1-57 |
[15] | Gidley J M, 1917. Notice of a new Paleocene mammal, a possible relative of the titanotheres. Proc U S Nat Mus, 52: 431-435 |
[16] | Gingerich P D, 1996. New species of Titanoides (Mammalia, Pantodonta) from the middle Clarkforkian (Late Paleocene) of northwestern Wyoming. Contrib Mus Paleont, Univ Mich, 29: 403-412 |
[17] | Halverson E K, Eberle J J, 2018. A new middle Paleocene (early Tiffanian) mammalian fauna from the Overland Member of the Fort Union Formation, Great Divide Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A. Rocky Mt Geol, 53(2): 75-111 |
[18] | Huang X S, 1995. Classification of Pantolambdodontidae (Pantodonta, Mammalia). Vert PalAsiat, 33(3): 194-215 |
[19] | Huang X S, Zheng J J, 1997. Early Tertiary mammals of Xuancheng Basin, Anhui Province and its implication for the age of Shuangtasi Formation. Vert PalAsiat, 35(4): 290-306 |
[20] | Huang X S, Zheng J J, 2003. Note on two new mammalian species from the late Paleocene of Nanxiong, Guangdong. Vert PalAsiat, 41(4): 271-277 |
[21] | Jepsen G L, 1930. New vertebrate fossils from the lower Eocene of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Proc Am Philos Soc, 69: 117-131 |
[22] | Kemp T S, 2005. The Origin and Evolution of Mammals. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1-331 |
[23] | Krause D W, Maas M C, 1990. The biogeographic origins of late Paleocene-early Eocene mammalian immigrants to the Western Interior of North America. In: Bown T M, Rose K D eds. Dawn of the Age of Mammals in the Northern Part of the Rocky Mountain Interior, North America. Geol Soc Am, Spec Pap, 243: 71-105 |
[24] | Li P X, Cheng Z W, 2007. The Nanxiong Bed and the Danxia Bed in the Nanxiong Basin of Guangdong Province. Acta Geosci Sin, 28(2): 181-189 |
[25] | Lofgren D L, Lillegraven J A, Clemens W A et al., 2004. Paleocene biochronology:the Puercan through Clarkforkian land mammal ages. In: Woodburne M O ed. Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Biostratigraphy and Geochronology. New York: Columbia University Press. 43-105 |
[26] | Lucas S G, 1982. The phylogeny and composition of the order Pantodonta. Proc Third North Am Paleont Conv, 2: 337-342 |
[27] | Lucas S G, 1998. Pantodonta. In: Janis C M, Scott K M, Jacobs L L eds. Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Vol 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate-like Mammals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 274-283 |
[28] | Lucas S G, Williamson T E, 1995. Systematic position and biochronological significance of Yuodon and Palasiodon, supposed Paleocene “condylarths” from China. Neues Jahrb Geol Paläontol Abh, 196: 93-107 |
[29] | Matthew W D, 1937. Paleocene faunas of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Trans Am Philos Soc, 30: 1-510 |
[30] | Mckenna M C, Bell S K, 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. 1-671 |
[31] | Muizon C de, Billet G, 2022. Dental ontogeny in the early Paleocene placental mammal Alcidedorbignya inopinata (Pantodonta) from Tiupampa (Bolivia). Geodiversitas, 44: 989-1050 |
[32] | Muizon C de, Ladevèze S, 2020. Cranial anatomy of Andinodelphys cochabambensis, a stem metatherian from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia. Geodiversitas, 42: 597-739 |
[33] | Muizon C de, Marshall L G, 1987. Le plus ancien Pantodonte (Mammalia) du Cretace superieur de Bolivie. C R Acad Sci Paris, 304: 205-208 |
[34] | Muizon C de, Marshall L G, 1992. Alcidedorbignya inopinata (Mammalia: Pantodonta) from the early Paleocene of Bolivia: phylogenetic and paleobiogeographic implications. J Paleont, 66(3): 499-520 |
[35] | Muizon C de, Billet G, Argot C et al., 2015. Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology. Geodiversitas, 37(4): 397-634 |
[36] | Patterson B, 1939. New Pantodonta and Dinocerata from the upper Paleocene of western Colorado. Field Mus Nat Hist, Geol Ser, 6: 351-384 |
[37] | Rose K D, 1981. The Clarkforkian land-mammal age and mammalian faunal composition across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary. Univ Mich Pap Paleont, 26: 1-197 |
[38] | Rose K D, 2006. The Beginning of the Age of Mammals. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1-428 |
[39] | Rose K D, Krause D W, 1982. Cyriacotheriidae, a new family of early Tertiary pantodonts from western North America. Proc Am Philos Soc, 126(1): 26-50 |
[40] | Schiebout J A, 1974. Vertebrate paleontology and paleoecology of Paleocene Black Peaks Formation, Big Bend National Park, Texas. Bull Texas Mem Mus, 24: 1-88 |
[41] | Scott C S, 2010. New cyriacotheriid pantodonts (Mammalia, Pantodonta) from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, and the relationships of Cyriacotheriidae. J Paleont, 84(2): 197-215 |
[42] | Secord R, 2008. The Tiffanian Land-mammal Age (Middle and Late Paleocene) in the Northern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Univ Mich Pap Paleont, 35: 1-192 |
[43] | Simons E L, 1960. The Paleocene Pantodonta. Trans Am Philos Soc, 50(6): 1-81 |
[44] | Simpson G G, 1935. New Paleocene mammals from the Fort Union of Montana. Proc U S Nat Mus, 83: 221-244 |
[45] | Ting S Y, Tong Y S, Clyde W C et al., 2011. Asian early Paleogene chronology and Mammalian faunal turnover events. Vert PalAsiat, 49(1): 1-28 |
[46] | Tong Y S, 1979. The new materials of archaeolambdids from South Jiangxi. In: IVPP, NIGPAS eds. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds of South China. Beijing: Science Press. 377-381 |
[47] | Tong Y S, 1982. Some taligrads from Upper Paleocene of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong. Vert PalAsiat, 20(1): 26-34 |
[48] | Tong Y S, Wang J W, 2006. Fossil mammals from the early Eocene Wutu Formation of Shandong Province. Palaeontol Sin, New Ser C, (28): 1-195 |
[49] | Tong Y S, Zhang Y P, Wang B Y et al., 1976. The lower Tertiary of the Nanxiong and Chijiang basins. Vert PalAsiat, 14(1): 16-25 |
[50] | Wang B Y, 1975. Paleocene mammals of Chaling Basin, Hunan. Vert PalAsiat, 13(3): 154-162 |
[51] | Wang B Y, 1979. A new species of Harpyodus and its systematic position. In: IVPP, NIGPAS eds.The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds of South China. Beijing: Science Press. 366-372 |
[52] | Wang Y Q, Yu B A, Li D S, 1992. A skull of Altilambda (Mammalia, Pantodonta) from the Paleocene of Qianshan, Anhui. Vert PalAsiat, 30(3): 221-228 |
[53] | Wang Y Q, Hu Y M, Chow M C et al., 1998. Chinese Paleocene mammal faunas and their correlation. Bull Carnegie Mus Nat Hist, 34: 89-123 |
[54] | Wang Y Q, Li C K, Li Q et al., 2016. A synopsis of Paleocene stratigraphy and vertebrate paleontology in the Qianshan Basin, Anhui, China. Vert PalAsiat, 54(2): 89-120 |
[55] |
Wang Y Q, Li Q, Bai B et al., 2019. Paleogene integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China. Sci China Earth Sci, 62(1): 287-309
DOI |
[56] | Wang Y Q, Li Q, Bai B et al., 2021. Lithostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the Paleogene in China. J Stratigr, 45(3): 402-425 |
[57] | Zhang X Q, 1984. Division and biota of the Luofuzhai Group in the Pingling section of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong. J Stratigr, 8(4): 239-254 |
[1] | 毕丛山,倪喜军,王元青,孟 津,Daniel L. GEBO . 孟氏苏崩猴( 哺乳动物纲:近兔猴超科) 的齿列以及亚洲窃果猴科系统发育关系的再研究. 古脊椎动物学报, 2016, 54(3): 181-211. |
[2] | Philip D. GINGERICH . 美国怀俄明州大角盆地北部Polecat台地古新世动物群演化. 古脊椎动物学报, 2016, 54(3): 212-234. |
[3] | 张兆群,李传夔,王 健,王元青,孟 津 . 基干啮型类发现跟骨管结构. 古脊椎动物学报, 2016, 54(3): 235-242. |
[4] | 董丽萍,Susan E. EVANS,王 原 . 安徽潜山古新世蜥蜴化石的分类学厘定. 古脊椎动物学报, 2016, 54(3): 243-268. |
[5] | 王元青,李传夔,李 茜,李丁生. 安徽潜山盆地古新世地层和脊椎动物概述. 古脊椎动物学报, 2016, 54(2): 89-120. |
[6] | 李传夔, 王元青, 张兆群, 毛方园, 孟 津. 安徽潜山中古新世一新的模鼠兔类. 古脊椎动物学报, 2016, 54(2): 121-136. |
[7] | 毛方园,李传夔,王元青,李 茜,孟 津 . 胡氏敏兽门齿釉质微观结构及其对基干啮形类的分类学意义. 古脊椎动物学报, 2016, 54(2): 137-155. |
[8] | 佟海燕,李录,李丁生,陈立民,李騊,余淑华,余国盛,程小青,底野力,Julien CLAUDE . 最早的基干陆龟——安徽龟(Anhuichelys Yeh, 1979)的再研究. 古脊椎动物学报, 2016, 54(2): 156-179. |
[9] | 丁素因,童永生,William C.,CLYDE, Paul L. KOCH, 孟津,王元青,Gabriel J. BOWEN, 李茜,Kathryn E. SNELL. 亚洲古近纪早期的年代学和哺乳动物群更替. 古脊椎动物学报, 2011, 49(1): 1-28. |
[10] | Pieter Missiaen. 亚洲早古近纪哺乳动物生物年代学与生物地理学的新认识. 古脊椎动物学报, 2011, 49(1): 29-52. |
[11] | William A. CLEMENS. 从异地迁入的动物类群是北美西部内陆地区古新世最早期哺乳动物群的重要组成部分吗?. 古脊椎动物学报, 2010, 48(4): 285-307. |
[12] | Philip D. GINGERICH . 北美西部古新世?始新世极热事件(PETM)期间的哺乳动物群序列. 古脊椎动物学报, 2010, 48(4): 308-327. |
[13] | 毕丛山,王元青,孟 津,倪喜军,Daniel L. GEBO, 李传夔. 内蒙古苏崩地点的古新世软食中兽(哺乳纲,中兽目):古新世?始新世界线附近“东方伊甸园”扩散模式的新证据. 古脊椎动物学报, 2010, 48(4): 375-389. |
[14] | 丁素因 , 孟 津 , 李 茜 , 王元青 , 童永生 , Judith A. SCHIEBOUT , Paul L. KOCH , William C. CLYDE , Cabriel J. BOWEN. 江西池江盆地上古新统一种类似偶蹄类的古有蹄类. 古脊椎动物学报, 2007, 45(4): 278-286. |
[15] | 黄学诗. 广东南雄古新世岭南(犭亚)兽一新种. 古脊椎动物学报, 2006, 44(03): 274-277. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||