河南济源中始新世似两栖犀属(奇蹄目：两栖犀科)一新种

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.200313

古脊椎动物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (3): 188-203.DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.200313

河南济源中始新世似两栖犀属(奇蹄目：两栖犀科)一新种

王晓阳¹^,², 王元青¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 张睿⁴, 张忠慧⁵, 刘晓玲⁶, 任利平⁵

1 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室北京 100044
2 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京 100049
3 中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心北京 100044
4 河南省地质矿产局第四地质勘查院郑州 450001
5 河南省地质调查院郑州 450001
6 王屋山-黛眉山世界地质公园管理局河南济源 459000

收稿日期:2019-08-30 出版日期:2020-07-20 发布日期:2020-07-20
通讯作者: * wangyuanqing@ivpp.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(批准号：41572021);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(编号：XDB26000000);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号：DD20190009);中国科学院化石发掘与修理特别支持费

A new species of Amynodontopsis (Perissodactyla: Amynodontidae) from the Middle Eocene of Jiyuan, Henan, China

WANG Xiao-Yang¹^,², WANG Yuan-Qing¹^,²^,³^,^*(), ZHANG Rui⁴, ZHANG Zhong-Hui⁵, LIU Xiao-Ling⁶, REN Li-Ping⁵

1 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044
2 College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049
3 CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044
4 The Fourth Geological Exploration Institute of the Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resource of Henan Province Zhengzhou 450001
5 Henan Institute of Geological Survey Zhengzhou 450001
6 Wangwushan-Daimeishan Global Geopark Administration Jiyuan, Henan 459000

Received:2019-08-30 Published:2020-07-20 Online:2020-07-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

描述了河南济源盆地中始新统聂庄组似两栖犀属(Amynodontopsis)一新种：济源似两栖犀(A. jiyuanensis sp. nov.), 材料为一成年头骨。新种除了具有长头型,颅顶上凸,前颌骨和鼻骨连接,眶前窝较大并向眼眶内侧延伸,M1反前刺发育,M3后附尖强烈偏向唇侧等似两栖犀属的典型特征外,与其他似两栖犀的区别在于鼻骨较长,前颌骨鼻突在侧面向后延伸较多,与鼻骨接触面较大,上颌骨未参与构成外鼻孔边缘,鼻切迹位于犬齿后齿缺上方,上臼齿原脊和后脊相对较长,近于与外脊垂直。新种所具有的一系列原始特征表明济源似两栖犀比其他似两栖犀更原始。动物群对比显示其时代为沙拉木伦期,早于其他似两栖犀,由此推测似两栖犀属起源于亚洲并扩散至北美。

关键词: 河南济源, 中始新世, 聂庄组, 两栖犀科, 似两栖犀属

Abstract:

An adult amynodont skull, collected from the Middle Eocene Niezhuang Formation of Jiyuan Basin (Henan, China), is recognized as a new species Amynodontopsis jiyuanensis sp. nov. The specimen possesses the typical features of the genus Amynodontopsis, such as a dolichocephalic skull with elevated roof, premaxilla-nasal contact, large preorbital fossa extending posteriorly medial to the orbit, inner surface of anterior orbital bar concave in continuation with the preorbital fossa, antecrochet usually presented on M1, and metastyle of M3 strongly deflected labially. Amynodontopsis jiyuanensis is diagnosed by a combination of the following characters: long nasals, nasal process of premaxilla extending far back laterally below the nasal and excluding the maxilla from the border of external nares, nasal notch above the post-canine diastema, more transverse and proportionally longer protoloph and metaloph on upper molars. Comparison with known species of Amynodontopsis indicates that it is the most primitive one in the genus, due to the possession of primitive characters. Associated fossil mammals support a correlation of the strata bearing A. jiyuanensis with the Shara Murun Formation of the Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China, namely the Middle Eocene Sharamurunian Asian Land Mammal Age (ALMA), prior to all other known Amynodontopsis species. The earlier geologic age and primitive morphological features of A. jiyuanensis suggest that Amynodontopsis has an Asian origin in the Middle Eocene and later immigrated into North America.

Key words: Jiyuan Basin, Henan, Middle Eocene, Niezhuang Formation, Amynodontidae, Amynodontopsis

中图分类号:

Q915.877

王晓阳, 王元青, 张睿, 张忠慧, 刘晓玲, 任利平. 河南济源中始新世似两栖犀属(奇蹄目：两栖犀科)一新种. 古脊椎动物学报, 2020, 58(3): 188-203.

WANG Xiao-Yang, WANG Yuan-Qing, ZHANG Rui, ZHANG Zhong-Hui, LIU Xiao-Ling, REN Li-Ping. A new species of Amynodontopsis (Perissodactyla: Amynodontidae) from the Middle Eocene of Jiyuan, Henan, China. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2020, 58(3): 188-203.

图/表 3

Fig. 1 Skull of Amynodontopsis jiyuanensis sp. nov. (IVPP V 26305) from Jiyuan, Henan A. lateral view; B. dorsal view fr. frontal; ju. jugal; lac. lacrimal; mx. maxilla; na. nasal; oc. occipital condyle; pa. parietal;pf. preorbital fossa; pgp. postglenoid process; pmx. premaxilla; pocp. paroccipital process;ptp. posttympanic process; sc. sagittal crest; sq. squamosal

Fig. 2 Skull and cheek teeth of Amynodontopsis jiyuanensis sp. nov. (IVPP V 26305) from Jiyuan, Henan A. skull in ventral view; B. right cheek teeth in occlusal view; C. skull in occipital view bo. basioccipital; bs. basisphenoid; fm. foramen magnum; nc. nuchal crest; ofo. oval foramen; pac. posterior opening of the alisphenoid canal; pal. palatine; ppa. pterygoid process of alisphenoid Other abbreviations see Fig. 1. Scale bars = 5 cm

Table 1 Measurements of the skull and upper cheek teeth of Amynodontopsis jiyuanensis sp. nov. (IVPP V 26305) and comparisons with other species of Amynodontopsis (mm)

Measures	A. jiyuanensis	A. bodei	A. parvidens	A. tholos
Measures	IVPP V 26305	Wall, 1981	Wall, 1981	Wall, 1981
Basilar L		482	424	524
Palatine at M1, W	351	320*	538*	555*
Zygomatic, Max W	164	195		235
Cranial at M3, H	143	160*	146*	190*
P4 L/W	20/27	20/31	20/33	30/50
M1 L/W	29/30	29/36	39/40	51/50
M2 L/W	38/37	45/44	46/42	64/57
M3 L/W	31/35	40/39	35/37	49/51
P2-4 L	ca. 49		50*	75*
M1-3 L	89	116*	100*	160*

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河南济源中始新世似两栖犀属(奇蹄目：两栖犀科)一新种

A new species of Amynodontopsis (Perissodactyla: Amynodontidae) from the Middle Eocene of Jiyuan, Henan, China

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