辽宁下白垩统沙海组和阜新组真三尖齿兽类戈壁尖齿兽科新材料

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190724

古脊椎动物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (1): 45-66.DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190724

辽宁下白垩统沙海组和阜新组真三尖齿兽类戈壁尖齿兽科新材料

楠桥直¹(), 王元青²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), 李传夔², 金迅²

1 日本爱媛大学大学院理工学研究科爱媛 790-8577
2 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室北京 100044
3 中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心北京 100044
4 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-01-07 出版日期:2020-01-20 发布日期:2020-01-20
作者简介:nkusu@sci.ehime-u.ac.jp
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB18000000);国家自然科学基金(41688103);国家自然科学基金(41541015);日本学术振兴会青年科学家基金(B类)(24740349);日本学术振兴会青年科学家基金(B类)(16K17830)

New gobiconodontid (Eutriconodonta, Mammalia) from the Lower Cretaceous Shahai and Fuxin formations, Liaoning, China

KUSUHASHI Nao¹(), WANG Yuan-Qing²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), LI Chuan-Kui², JIN Xun²

1 Department of Earth’s Evolution and Environment, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
2 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of VertebratePaleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044, China
3 CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044, China
4 College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-01-07 Published:2020-01-20 Online:2020-01-20
Contact: *wangyuanqing@ivpp.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

真三尖齿兽类是了解亚洲白垩纪哺乳动物群演化和转变的重要成员之一。到目前为止沙海组和阜新组(下白垩统上部)已经发现了两种戈壁尖齿兽科以及两种三尖齿兽科的真三尖齿兽类。描述了这些地层产出的真三尖齿兽类的其他材料,包括一新属新种——常氏阜新尖齿兽(Fuxinoconodon changi gen. et sp. nov.)和一枚左下臼齿(鉴定为 ?Gobiconodontidae gen. et sp. indet.)。这种新的真三尖齿兽类被归入戈壁尖齿兽科(Gobiconodontidae), 其特征为：第一下门齿大、门齿和前臼齿的数目变少、臼齿b尖和c尖较大而独立,以及臼齿具有分别属于Gobiconodon第一代或第二代臼齿上独有特征的组合。新材料与同一地区相同层位已经报道的4种真三尖齿兽类表明,虽然科级和属级的多样性似乎已经减少,但亚洲早白垩世晚期仍存在比较多样的真三尖齿兽类。

关键词: 辽宁, 早白垩世, 阜新组, 沙海组, 哺乳动物, 真三尖齿兽类, 戈壁尖齿兽科

Abstract:

Eutriconodontans are one of the key members of mammals to our understanding of the evolution and transition of mammalian fauna in Asia during the Cretaceous. Two gobiconodontid and two triconodontid species have previously been reported from the upper Lower Cretaceous Shahai and Fuxin formations. Here we describe two additional eutriconodontans from the formations, Fuxinoconodon changi gen. et sp. nov. and ?Gobiconodontidae gen. et sp. indet. This new species is attributed to the Gobiconodontidae, characterized by having an enlarged first lower incisor, reduction in the number of incisors and premolariforms, proportionally large cusps b and c being well distant from cusp a on the molariforms, presence of a labial cingulid, and a unique mixed combination of molariform characters seen on either the first or the second, but not both, generations of molariforms in Gobiconodon. Together with the four known species, eutriconodontans remained diverse to some extent in the late Early Cretaceous in Asia, although their family-level and generic level diversity appears to have been already reduced at that time.

Key words: Liaoning, Northeast China, Early Cretaceous, Mammalia, Eutriconodonta, Gobiconodontidae

中图分类号:

Q915.873

楠桥直, 王元青, 李传夔, 金迅. 辽宁下白垩统沙海组和阜新组真三尖齿兽类戈壁尖齿兽科新材料. 古脊椎动物学报, 2020, 58(1): 45-66.

KUSUHASHI Nao, WANG Yuan-Qing, LI Chuan-Kui, JIN Xun. New gobiconodontid (Eutriconodonta, Mammalia) from the Lower Cretaceous Shahai and Fuxin formations, Liaoning, China. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2020, 58(1): 45-66.

图/表 6

Fig. 1 Map showing the locations of Badaohao and Fuxin where the fossils were collected (A) and schematic stratigraphic table of the major late Mesozoic strata in western Liaoning Province (B) Adopted from Wang et al. (1989), Yang and Li (1997), and Li and Matsuoka (2015) among others++Abbreviations: Alb. Albian; Apt. Aptian; Barr. Barremian; Berr. Berriasian; Fm. Formation; Gp. Group; Haut. Hauterivian; Val. Valanginian

Fig. 2 Scanning electron micrographs of the holotype (IVPP V 14511) of Fuxinoconodon changi gen. et sp. nov., a partial right dentary with broken dc, c, m1-m4, alveoli for i1-i2 and p1-p3, from Lower Cretaceous Fuxin Formation, Fuxin, Liaoning, northeastern China A. labial view; B. lingual view; C. occlusal view, stereopair, left to anterior++Small arrows in A indicate the position of the transverse section in Fig. 4B

Fig. 3 Scanning electron micrographs of the m1-m4 of the holotype (IVPP V 14511) of Fuxinoconodon changi gen. et sp. nov. from Lower Cretaceous Fuxin Formation, Fuxin, Liaoning, northeastern China A. labial view; B. lingual view; C. occlusal view, stereopair, left to anterior

Fig. 4 Holotype (IVPP V 14511) of Fuxinoconodon changi gen. et sp. nov. from Lower Cretaceous Fuxin Formation, Fuxin, Liaoning, northeastern China A. a photograph (A1) and an interpretive sketch (A2) of the anterior part of the dentary, the hatched area on the canine is broken; B. reconstructed micro-computed tomography images showing the laterally compressed alveoli for i1 and i2 in a transverse section at the position indicated in Fig. 2A, left to labial; C. a scanning electron micrograph of the m1 in mesiolabial view. Abbreviations: c. canine; dc. deciduous canine; i. incisor; m. molariform; mf. mental foramen; p. premolariform

Table 1 Measurements of lower molariforms in the holotype (IVPP V 14511) of Fuxinoconodon changi gen. et sp. nov. and ?Gobiconodontidae gen. et sp. indet. (V 22643) with those of type specimens of other gobiconodontids (mm)

	m1			m2			m3			m4			m5
	L	W	H	L	W	H	L	W	H	L	W	H	L	W	H
Fuxinoconodon changi
IVPP V 14511	3.23*	1.13	2.00	2.99*	1.14	-	3.40	1.15	-	2.87*	1.08	2.16	-	-	-
Gobiconodontidae gen. et sp. indet.							2.55	0.80	2.04
IVPP V 22643*
Gobiconodon haizhouensis
IVPP V 14509	1.72	0.94	1.85	1.81	0.97	1.85	1.66	0.94	1.88	1.50	0.88	1.50	1.22	0.75	1.22
Gobiconodon tomidai
IVPP V 14510	-	-	-	1.99	0.78	1.44	2.07	0.86	-	2.00	0.79	-	-	0.72	-
Gobiconodon borissiaki
PIN 3101/9	2.8	1.3	-	-	1.3	-	2.75	1.5	-	2.7	1.5	-	2.5	1.15	-
Gobiconodon hoburensis
PIN 3101/24	1.5	0.9	-	1.6	0.9	-	1.6	0.95	-	1.45	0.85	-	1.4	0.65	-
Gobiconodon luoianus (41H III-0320)
right	3.0	3.5	-
left	3.0	2.8	-	3.0	3.2	-
Gobiconodon ostromi (MCZ 19965)
right	4.75	2.10	-	-	-	-	4.90	2.25	-	4.60	2.40	4.60	4.05	2.30	3.70
left	4.50	2.20	4.55	4.80	-	-	4.85	2.75	-	-	2.55	-	-	2.30	-
Gobiconodon zofiae
IVPP V 12585	2.30	0.90	-	2.30	0.95	-	2.50	1.05	-	2.55	1.00	-	1.95	0.75	-
Meemannodon lujiatunensis
IVPP V 13102	5.33	2.90	4.78	6.95	3.30	6.08	7.62	3.56	6.98	7.43	3.69	7.28	-	-	-
Repenomamus giganticus
IVPP V 14155	7.5	4.7	-	8.3	5.0	-	8.0	-	-	7.5	4.8	-	6.1	4.2	-
Spinolestes xenarthrosus
MCCMLH30000							2.06	1.14	-	1.77	1.04	-

Fig. 5 The molariform of ?Gobiconodontidae gen. et sp. indet. (IVPP V 22643) from Lower Cretaceous Shahai Formation, Badaohao, Heishan, Liaoning, northeastern China A-C. Scanning electron micrographs: A. labial view, B. lingual view, C. occlusal view, stereopair, top to anterior; D. V 22643 reconstructed from micro-computed tomography images of V 14511 using AMIRA 5.3.2 software in mesiolingual view

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辽宁下白垩统沙海组和阜新组真三尖齿兽类戈壁尖齿兽科新材料

New gobiconodontid (Eutriconodonta, Mammalia) from the Lower Cretaceous Shahai and Fuxin formations, Liaoning, China

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[2]	王伴月, 邱占祥. 甘肃临夏盆地牙沟地区椒子沟组底部的小哺乳动物化石. 古脊椎动物学报, 2023, 61(4): 284-316.
[3]	王伴月, 邱占祥, 王世骐. 甘肃临夏盆地椒子沟组上部满散村小哺乳动物群. 古脊椎动物学报, 2023, 61(2): 123-141.
[4]	刘金毅, 张颖奇, 迟振卿, 王永, 杨劲松, 郑绍华. 泥河湾盆地叶沟晚上新世贺风三趾马动物群及其生物地层学意义. 古脊椎动物学报, 2022, 60(4): 278-323.
[5]	高殿松, 蒋顺兴, 徐莉, 程心, 杨丽丽, 贾松海, 汪筱林. 最大的梳颌翼龙类成员朱氏莫干翼龙再研究. 古脊椎动物学报, 2022, 60(3): 197-211.
[6]	袁梦, 李大庆, Daniel T. KSEPKA, 易鸿宇. 新发现的长吻型离龙(双孔亚纲：离龙目)幼年个体——袖珍蒙山龙,兼论新离龙类的个体发育. 古脊椎动物学报, 2021, 59(3): 213-228.
[7]	西冈佑一郎, 甲能直树, 工藤雄一郎. 川渝地区“Proboselaphus watasei Matsumoto, 1915” 的分类学修订. 古脊椎动物学报, 2021, 59(3): 200-212.
[8]	蒋顺兴, 张鑫俊, 程心, 汪筱林. 义县组上部一件无齿翼龙超科前肢及对金刚山义县翼龙的修订. 古脊椎动物学报, 2021, 59(2): 81-94.
[9]	张立民, 董为, 倪喜军, 李强. 晚中新世晚期土城子小哺乳动物组合及土城子动物群在内蒙古中部地区新近纪哺乳动物群序列中的位置. 古脊椎动物学报, 2021, 59(1): 45-63.
[10]	邱铸鼎, 王晓鸣, 李强, 李录, 王洪江, 陈海峰. 内蒙古哈拉津胡舒晚中新世动物群. 古脊椎动物学报, 2021, 59(1): 19-26.
[11]	董为, 刘文晖, 白炜鹏. 中国境内部分更新世哺乳动物群的支序系统学分析及生物年代学推断. 古脊椎动物学报, 2020, 58(1): 67-81.
[12]	张蜀康, 谢俊芳, 金幸生, 杜天明, 黄美燕. 浙江义乌恐龙蛋化石新类型及对南马东阳蛋的修订. 古脊椎动物学报, 2019, 57(4): 325-333.
[13]	廖俊棋, 徐星. 意外北票龙(兽脚类：镰刀龙类)头部骨骼学研究. 古脊椎动物学报, 2019, 57(2): 117-132.
[14]	王元青，楠桥直，金迅，李传夔，濑户口烈司，高春玲，刘金远. 辽宁下白垩统阜新组真兽类哺乳动物新带氏远藤兽(Endotherium niinomiiShikama, 1947)再研究. 古脊椎动物学报, 2018, 56(3): 180-192.
[15]	董为，张立民，刘文晖. 内蒙古赤峰初头朗早更新世哺乳动物群的新材料及二元相似性分析. 古脊椎动物学报, 2017, 55(3): 257-273.