中国境内部分更新世哺乳动物群的支序系统学分析及生物年代学推断

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190525

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在中国境内有很多地点产出更新世哺乳动物群,为哺乳动物演化、生物年代学、古生态学、古环境学、古动物地理学等的研究提供了很好的材料。在生物年代学方面,动物群组合面貌和绝灭率曾经是用来推断动物群年龄的方法。在此基础上又发展出根据Brainerd-Robinson法则对动物群的二元相似性系数进行排序,通过二元相似性系数确定动物群的古老系数判断动物群的年代顺序等方法。而二元相似性系数的确定取决于一个种类在一个动物群中的存在与否,类似于支序系统学中性状矩阵的建立是根据一个特征在一个种类中存在与否那样。因此本文尝试使用支序系统学方法来研究动物群之间的演化关系,选择了一些经过二元相似性系数排序的动物群进行支序系统学分析,将这些结果与使用其他生物年代学方法得出的结果进行比较,结合一些动物群绝对年龄的测年成果,对那些尚未进行绝对年龄测年的动物群进行年龄推断,得出的绝对年龄如下：辽宁大连的古龙山动物群为16~20 ka; 辽宁本溪的山城子动物群为20~30 ka; 安徽东至人遗址的华龙洞动物群为150~400 ka; 河南南召人遗址的杏花山动物群为150~400 ka; 陕西洛南人遗址的东河动物群为500~700 ka; 湖北郧西人遗址的白龙洞动物群为500~850 ka; 湖北郧县的梅铺动物群为500~850 ka; 广西田东人遗址的么会洞动物群为1.2~1.8 Ma; 广西柳城巨猿洞动物群为1.2~1.5 Ma; 内蒙古赤峰初头朗动物群为1.6~1.9 Ma; 安徽繁昌人字洞动物群为1.9~2.4 Ma。

关键词: 中国, 更新世, 哺乳动物群, 支序系统学, 生物年代学

Abstract:

There are many localities yielding the Pleistocene mammalian faunas in China. It offers excellent material for the study of mammalian evolution, biochronology, paleoecology, paleoenvironment, paleozoogeography, etc. Faunal assemblage characters and taxonomic extinction rates were widely used for determining the faunal ages in biochronology. Faunal binary similarity coefficients sequenced according to Brainerd-Robinson’s rule and antiquity coefficients were further developed methods in biochronology for dating the faunal ages. The faunal binary similarity coefficients are based on the presence or absence of a taxon in a fauna. It is similar to the presence or absence of a character of a species in cladistic analyses for phylogeny, and all faunas have a special ancestor-descendant relationship. The present work is an attempt to find the relationship of the faunas with cladistic methods by selecting three groups of faunas sequenced by faunal binary similarity coefficients according to Brainerd-Robinson’s rule and antiquity coefficients, to compare the results with different methods, and then to estimate the ages of the faunas not yet dated by physical or chemical methods. The estimations are as follow: Gulongshan in Dalian, Liaoning Province: 16-20 ka; Shanchengzi at Benxi, Liaoning Province: 20-30 ka; Hualongdong at Dongzhi Man site, Anhui Province: 150-400 ka; Xinghuashan at Nanzhao Man site, Henan Province: 150-400 ka; Donghe at Luonan Man site, Shaanxi Province: 500-700 ka; Bailongdong at Yunxi Man site, Hubei Province: 500-850 ka; Meipu at Yunxian, Hubei Province: 500-850 ka; Mohui at Tiandong Man site, Guangxi Autonomous Region: 1.2-1.8 Ma; Juyuandong at Liucheng, Guangxi Autonomous Region: 1.2-1.5 Ma; Chutoulang at Chifeng, Nei Mongol Autonomous Region: 1.6-1.9 Ma; Renzidong at Fanchang, Anhui Province: 1.9-2.4 Ma.

Key words: China, Pleistocene, mammalian fauna, cladistics, biochronology

中图分类号:

Q915.873

董为, 刘文晖, 白炜鹏. 中国境内部分更新世哺乳动物群的支序系统学分析及生物年代学推断. 古脊椎动物学报, 2020, 58(1): 67-81.

DONG Wei, LIU Wen-Hui, BAI Wei-Peng. Cladistic approach on chronological relationship of the Pleistocene mammalian faunas from China. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2020, 58(1): 67-81.

图/表 7

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Cladistics	B.-R.’s rule¹⁾	Antiquity¹⁾	Extinction rate¹⁾	Dated age	Estimated age
GLS	GLS	SDD (100)	SDD (13.64%)		GLS: 16-20 ka
SDD	SDD	GLS (120)	GLS (17.65%)	SDD: 18 ka (Huang, 1991)
SCZ	SCZ	SCZ (126)	YJG (26.67%)		SCZ: 20-30 ka
XGS	XGS	SLWS (128)	SLWS (27.27%)	YJG: (27.0±0.6) ka (Wei et al., 1986)
SLWS	YS	YJG (132)	DC (30.00%)	YS: 27-40 ka (Sun et al., 1981)
DC	YJG	DC (144)	YS (33.33%)	XGS: 30-80 ka (Zhang et al., 2010)
YJG	SLWS	YS (146)	SCZ (35.9%)	SLWS: 61-68 ka (Yin and Huang, 2004)
YS	DC	XGS (156)	XGS (37.50%)	DC: 100 ka (Huang, 1991)
LJ	LJ	LJ (162)	LJ (52.94%)	LJ: 105-125 ka (Li et al., 2017)
MHS	MHS	MHS (174)	MHS (53.13%)	MHS: <400 ka (NET et al., 1987)

Cladistics	B.-R.’s rule¹⁾	Antiquity¹⁾	Extinction rate¹⁾	Dated age	Estimated age
GLS	GLS	SDD (100)	SDD (13.64%)		GLS: 16-20 ka
SDD	SDD	GLS (120)	GLS (17.65%)	SDD: 18 ka (Huang, 1991)
SCZ	SCZ	SCZ (126)	YJG (26.67%)		SCZ: 20-30 ka
XGS	XGS	SLWS (128)	SLWS (27.27%)	YJG: (27.0±0.6) ka (Wei et al., 1986)
SLWS	YS	YJG (132)	DC (30.00%)	YS: 27-40 ka (Sun et al., 1981)
DC	YJG	DC (144)	YS (33.33%)	XGS: 30-80 ka (Zhang et al., 2010)
YJG	SLWS	YS (146)	SCZ (35.9%)	SLWS: 61-68 ka (Yin and Huang, 2004)
YS	DC	XGS (156)	XGS (37.50%)	DC: 100 ka (Huang, 1991)
LJ	LJ	LJ (162)	LJ (52.94%)	LJ: 105-125 ka (Li et al., 2017)
MHS	MHS	MHS (174)	MHS (53.13%)	MHS: <400 ka (NET et al., 1987)

Cladistics	B.-R.’s rule¹⁾	Antiquity¹⁾	Extinction rate¹⁾	Dated age	Estimated age
Ltd	Gwl	Hld (81)	Mp (33.33%)		Hld: 150-400 ka
Cjw	Ltd	Ts (87)	Hld (36.36%)	Zkd 3-5: 230-310 ka (Zhao et al., 1985);>400 ka (Shen et al., 2001)
Zkd 3-5	Mh	Xhs (88)	Xhs (40.00%)		Xhs: 150-400 ka
Zkd 8-11	Lgd	Zkd 3-5 (89)	Ts (43.75%)	Ts: 350 ka (Chen et al., 1996); 500 ka (Wang et al., 2002)
Zkd 6-7	Bld	Qzas (90)	Bld (46.43%)	Ltd: 150-190 ka (Chen et al., 1987); 300 ka (Huang P H et al., 1995)
Qzas	Qyhk	Cjw (92)	Zkd 3-5 (47.06%)	Qzas: 320-420 ka (Han et al., 2016)
Ts	Mp	Zkd 6-7 (94)	Cjw (50.00%)	Zkd 6-7: 380 ka (Zhao et al., 1985)
Xhs	Dh	Ltd (95)	Qzas (53.85%)	Cjw: 650 ka (An and Ho, 1989)
Dh	Xhs	Bld (97)	Dh (57.89%)		Dh: 500-700 ka
Qyhk	Zkd 8-11	Dh (98)	Ltd (58.06%)	Zkd 8-11: 462 ka (Zhao et al., 1985); 750 ka (Shen et al., 2009)
Gwl	Zkd 3-5	Mp (99)	Zkd 6-7 (59.09%)		Bld: 500-850 ka
Mp	Zkd 6-7	Zkd 8-11 (102)	Zkd 8-11 (55.26%)		Mp: 500-850 ka
Hld	Ts	Qyhk (104)	Qyhk (65.22%)	Qyhk: 936 ka (de Lumley et al., 2008)
YmM	Qzas	Gwl (106)	Lgd (72.50%)	Gwl: 1.15 Ma (An and Ho, 1989); 1.7 Ma (Zhu et al., 2015)
Bld	Cjw	Lgd (114)	Gwl (75.00%)	Lgd: 2.14 Ma (Gao and Cheng, 2004)
Lgd	Hld	Mh (117)	Mh (80.00%)		Mh: 1.2-1.8 Ma
Mh	YmM	YmM (120)	YmM (80.77%)	YmM: 700 ka (Hyodo et al., 2002); 1.7 Ma (Zhu et al., 2008)

Cladistics	B.-R.’s rule¹⁾	Antiquity¹⁾	Extinction rate¹⁾	Dated age	Estimated age
Ltd	Gwl	Hld (81)	Mp (33.33%)		Hld: 150-400 ka
Cjw	Ltd	Ts (87)	Hld (36.36%)	Zkd 3-5: 230-310 ka (Zhao et al., 1985);>400 ka (Shen et al., 2001)
Zkd 3-5	Mh	Xhs (88)	Xhs (40.00%)		Xhs: 150-400 ka
Zkd 8-11	Lgd	Zkd 3-5 (89)	Ts (43.75%)	Ts: 350 ka (Chen et al., 1996); 500 ka (Wang et al., 2002)
Zkd 6-7	Bld	Qzas (90)	Bld (46.43%)	Ltd: 150-190 ka (Chen et al., 1987); 300 ka (Huang P H et al., 1995)
Qzas	Qyhk	Cjw (92)	Zkd 3-5 (47.06%)	Qzas: 320-420 ka (Han et al., 2016)
Ts	Mp	Zkd 6-7 (94)	Cjw (50.00%)	Zkd 6-7: 380 ka (Zhao et al., 1985)
Xhs	Dh	Ltd (95)	Qzas (53.85%)	Cjw: 650 ka (An and Ho, 1989)
Dh	Xhs	Bld (97)	Dh (57.89%)		Dh: 500-700 ka
Qyhk	Zkd 8-11	Dh (98)	Ltd (58.06%)	Zkd 8-11: 462 ka (Zhao et al., 1985); 750 ka (Shen et al., 2009)
Gwl	Zkd 3-5	Mp (99)	Zkd 6-7 (59.09%)		Bld: 500-850 ka
Mp	Zkd 6-7	Zkd 8-11 (102)	Zkd 8-11 (55.26%)		Mp: 500-850 ka
Hld	Ts	Qyhk (104)	Qyhk (65.22%)	Qyhk: 936 ka (de Lumley et al., 2008)
YmM	Qzas	Gwl (106)	Lgd (72.50%)	Gwl: 1.15 Ma (An and Ho, 1989); 1.7 Ma (Zhu et al., 2015)
Bld	Cjw	Lgd (114)	Gwl (75.00%)	Lgd: 2.14 Ma (Gao and Cheng, 2004)
Lgd	Hld	Mh (117)	Mh (80.00%)		Mh: 1.2-1.8 Ma
Mh	YmM	YmM (120)	YmM (80.77%)	YmM: 700 ka (Hyodo et al., 2002); 1.7 Ma (Zhu et al., 2008)

Cladistics	B.-R.’s rule¹⁾	Antiquity¹⁾	Extinction rate¹⁾	Dated age	Estimated age
NHW	Gwl	Gwl (198)	DD (61.1%)		JYD: 1.2-1.5 Ma
CTL	Lgd	DD (202)	Gwl (63.4%)	DD: 1.2 Ma (Jin et al., 2009)
LD	DD	JYD (208)	Lgd (65.9%)	Gwl: 1.15 Ma (An and Ho, 1989); 1.7 Ma (Zhu et al., 2015)
StV	JYD	CTL (209)	LGP (69.6%)		CTL: 1.6-1.9 Ma
Gwl	CTL	Lgd (232)	JYD (71.4%)	NHW: 1.7-2.2 Ma (Liu et al., 2012)
JYD	LD	LD (234)	RZD (72.5%)	LGP: 1.12-1.96 Ma (Huang W B et al., 1995)
DD	NHW	StV (238)	CTL (76.7%)	Lgd: 2.14 Ma (Gao and Cheng, 2004)
Lgd	StV	NHW (242)	NHW (85.4%)	LD: 2.16-2.55 Ma (Qiu et al., 2004)
LGP	LGP	LGP (258)	StV (85.7%)	StV: 1.95-2.58 Ma (Sen, 2004)
RZD	RZD	RZD (266)	LD (96.8%)		RZD: 1.9-2.4 Ma