新疆塔里木盆地志留纪盔甲鱼类新知

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190524

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对新疆塔里木盆地志留系新一轮野外考察和对原来塔里木志留纪盔甲鱼类再观察,取得了以下认识：1) 依据新增加的材料, 张氏南疆鱼(Nanjiangaspis zhangi)被厘定为一新属西域鱼(Xiyuaspis), 并确定其系统位置隶属修水鱼科(Xiushuiaspidae); 2) 潘氏小瘤鱼(Microphymaspis pani)曾被归于Xiushuiaspidae, 系缘于观察上的失误,通过再观察得出M. pani当属大庸鱼科(Dayongaspidae), 同时与其产于同一产地和层位的天山宽头鱼(Platycaraspis tianshanensis)系前者的同物异名;3) 经重新研究,产于柯坪克兹尔塔格组曾被视为节甲鱼类的标本实属盔甲鱼类,并被鉴定为一新的属种：残缺角鱼(Jiaoyu imperfectus); 4) 产于柯坪塔塔埃尔塔格组的汉阳鱼未定种(Hanyangaspis sp.)的前腹片和产于柯坪塔塔埃尔塔格组及巴楚依木干他乌组的锅顶山汉阳鱼(H. guodingshanensis)具雪花状纹饰的骨片,可能均属柯坪南疆鱼(Nanjiangaspis kelpinensis); 5) 根据所产盔甲鱼残缺角鱼(J. imperfectus), 将克兹尔塔格组的时代修订为早泥盆世。

关键词: 新疆塔里木盆地, 志留系, 盔甲鱼, 分类学, 形态学

Abstract:

Some new galeaspid specimens have been recently found from the Silurian of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang. The description of these specimens and the new examination of the galeaspid collections render us the following understanding on the morphology and taxonomy of the Silurian galeaspids from Xinjiang. 1) Nanjiangaspis zhangi is removed from the Hanyangaspidae, and referred to a new genus of the Xiushuiaspidae, Xiyuaspis gen. nov.; 2) Platycaraspis tianshanensis is the junior synonym of Microphymaspis pani. According to the principle of priority, Microphymaspis pani is retained, but it is removed from the Xiushuiaspidae, and referred to the Dayongaspidae; 3) the specimen that was referred to the Arthrodira indet. from the Kezirtag Formation of Kalpin, is identified as a new genus and species of galeaspids, Jiaoyu imperfectus gen. et sp. nov.; 4) the fragments and the anterior ventral plate with snowflake-like ornaments previously referred to Hanyangaspis from the Tataertag and Yimugantawu formations probably belong to Nanjiangaspis; 5) the age of the upper member of the Kezirtag Formation is probably Early Devonian as indicated by Jiaoyu imperfectus and the invertebrate fossils from the lower member.

Key words: Tarim Basin,Xinjiang, Silurian, Galeaspida, taxonomy, morphology

中图分类号:

Q915.861

刘玉海, 朱敏, 林翔鸿, 卢立伍, 盖志琨. 新疆塔里木盆地志留纪盔甲鱼类新知. 古脊椎动物学报, 2019, 57(4): 253-273.

LIU Yu-Hai, ZHU Min, LIN Xiang-Hong, LU Li-Wu, GAI Zhi-Kun. A reappraisal of the Silurian galeaspids (stem-Gnathostomata) from Tarim Basin, Xinjiang. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2019, 57(4): 253-273.

图/表 8

图1 张氏西域鱼新增标本IVPP V 25445.1-3照片及其解释性素描

Fig. 1 Photographs of Xiyuaspis zhangi IVPP V 25445.1-3 and their interpretative drawingA. an incomplete head-shield (V 25445.1): A1, A2. internal mould and its interpretative drawing (V 25445.1a), A3. close-up of granulous ornamental tubercles (box region of A1), A4, A5. external mould and its interpretative drawing (V 25445.1b); B. a nearly complete ventral rim (V 25445.2);C. a nearly complete corner (C1) and its interpretative drawing (C2) (V 25445.3)Abbreviations: c. corner 角;ltca-c. the first to third lateral transverse canals issuing from the infraorbital canal 从眶下管发出的第一至三对侧横管;ltc1-3. the first to third lateral transverse canals issuing from the lateral dorsal canal 从侧背管发出的第一至三对侧横管;md.o. median dorsal opening 中背孔;orb. orbital opening 眶孔;vr. ventral rim 腹环

图2 张氏西域鱼新增标本GMC V 2416.1, 2照片(A)及其解释性素描(B)

Fig. 2 Photograph of Xiyuaspis zhangi GMC V 2416.1, 2 (A) and its interpretative drawing (B)

图3 张氏西域鱼(A)与潘氏小瘤鱼(B)复原

Fig. 3 Restorations of Xiyuaspis zhangi (A) and Microphymaspis pani (B)

表1 张氏西域鱼标本测量

Table 1 Measurements of Xiyuaspis zhangi (mm)

	Holotype	GMC V 2416.1	GMC V 2416.2	IVPP V 25445.1
Maximum length of preserved head-shield	76.0	111.0	90.5	92.0
Maximum width of preserved head-shield	72.0	115.0	115.0	101.6
Length of short axis of orbital opening	7.0	6.4	7.2	6.0
Length of long axis of orbital opening	10.0	7.1	7.8	7.6
Distance between orbital openings	24.0	—	21.0	22.5
Length of short axis of median dorsal opening	11.0	—	11.0	10.6
Length of long axis of median dorsal opening	20.0	—	22.5	21.0
Length of short axis of pineal fossa	1.3	—	—	—
Length of long axis of pineal fossa	2.0	—	—	—

图4 潘氏小瘤鱼化石照片及其解释性素描

Fig. 4 Photographs of Microphymaspis pani and their interpretative drawings A. photograph of an incomplete head-shield (A1) and its interpretive drawing (A2), IVPP V 13332, holotpye;B. photograph of an incomplete head-shield (B1) and its interpretive drawing (B2), IVPP V 13333, paratypeAbbreviations: ldc. lateral dorsal canal 侧背管;ltc. lateral transverse canal 侧横管;md.o. median dorsal opening 中背孔;mtc. medial transverse canal 中横联络管;orb. orbital opening 眶孔

图5 残缺角鱼(新属新种,正型标本GMC V 2195) (A)和让氏昭通鱼(IVPP V 25965) (B)化石照片

Fig. 5 Photographs of Jiaoyu imperfectus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, GMC V 2195 (A) and Zhaotongaspis janvieri, IVPP V 25965 (B) Abbreviations: c. corner 角;ltc. lateral transverse canals 侧横管;vr. ventral rim 腹环

图6 盾皮鱼类中的前腹侧片+棘片(avl+sp)

Fig. 6 The anterior ventrolateral plate (avl) plus spinal plate (sp) in placoderms, ventral view A. arthrodire Dicksonosteus arcticus from Early Devonian of Spitsbergen (modified from Goujet, 1984);B. arthrodire Kujdanowiaspis sp. (modified from Denison, 1958);C. petalichthyid Quasipetalichthys haikouensis (modified from Liu, 1991). av. anterior ventral plate 前腹片

图7 残缺角鱼(新属新种)及其可能的头甲复原

Fig. 7 Jiaoyu imperfectus gen. et sp. nov. and possible restorations A. interpretative drawing of holotype, GMC V 2195; B. restoration of the head-shield based on zhaotongaspid Zhaotongaspis, in dorsal view; C. restoration of the head-shield based on eugaleaspid Pterogonaspis, in dorsal view; D. restoration of the head-shield based on sanchaspid Sanchaspis, in dorsal view

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