Abstract: A new genus and species of Xenocyprininae (Eoxenocypris liui) is described from a placer gold mine northwest of Hua 'nan County, Heilongjiang Province. The distribution of the extant members of the subfamily is limited to the eastern lowlands of China and Hanoi Basin (Song Hong Valley), northern Vietnam. In Late Cenozoic, however, in addition to their recent area of habitat they were also widely spread in Japan, mainly in the lacustrine deposits in the western side of the island arch along the Sea of Japan.