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Vertebrata Palasiatica ›› 2011, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 210-222.

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FOSSILS OF PLIOCENE HIPPARION (EQUIDAE, PERISSODACTYLA) FROM GAOTEGE LOCALITY, NEI MONGOL AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS

Pang Li-Bo   

  • Online:2011-06-15 Published:2011-06-15

内蒙古高特格上新世三趾马化石及其意义

庞丽波   

Abstract: The Gaotege locality is about 70 km southwest of Xilinhot and 33 km northeast of Tsagan Nor in Abag Qi(Banner) of central Nei Mongol(Inner Mongolia). The Pliocene sediments at Gaotege are about 70 m thick, and were described and divided into 8 beds by Li et al. (2003). In this paper, fossils of two species of Hipparion collected from Gaotege are described.

摘要: 描述了产自内蒙古高特格上新世地层中的三趾马属化石,分别归入两个种。下部层位的材料因吻部间颌突较高、犬齿粗壮并在其内侧前后缘形成嵴和沟、下颊齿齿冠较低、双叶较圆以及外中谷很深等特征而归入意外(笨重)三趾马(Hipparion (Baryhipparion) insperatum Qiu et al., 1987), 其古地磁年龄为4.34 Ma; 上部层位的标本因下颊齿高冠、双叶贺风型、外中谷宽浅以及下马刺发育等特征而归入黄河(近)三趾马(H.(Plesiohipparion) huangheense Qiu et al., 1987), 其年龄约为3.9 Ma。在此之前,这两种三趾马的分布局限,仅发现于山西榆社和陕西蒲城的上新世地层,高特格新材料的发现增加了人们对于其地理和地史分布以及特征演化的了解。此外,还对高特格颊齿标本进行了连续横切,结果显示,随着年龄增加H. insperatum的双叶一直较圆,下后尖逐渐大于下后附尖,但外中谷形态并不随磨蚀加深而有大的改变;H. huangheense的双叶稳定、贺风型,外中谷内端随着磨蚀的加深变得宽圆,下马刺渐弱而下反马刺逐渐显现,下内尖逐渐变得圆钝,其后的凹也逐渐变小。高特格地点相对较低齿冠的H. insperatum向极高齿冠的H. huangheense的转变,指示了内蒙古中部地区在上新世逐步干旱化和草原化的过程。