A Late Pliocene Hipparion houfenense fauna from Yegou, Nihewan Basin and its biostratigraphic significance

doi:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.211209

Abstract

Abstract:

Currently, there are still different views regarding the chronology of the Late Cenozoic deposits in the Nihewan Basin, which results from the contradiction between biostratigraphic correlations based on mammalian fossils and magnetostratigraphic dating results. Biostratigraphic correlations indicate that the aeolian red clay exposed in the Sanggan River canyon, the fluvio-lacustrine red clay with sands and gravels, and the sandy clay of swamp facies on both sides of the lower reaches of the Huliu River belong to the Upper Pliocene, whereas the magnetostratigraphic dating usually correlates them to the Lower Pleistocene. In October 2011, a collection of mammalian fossils was unearthed from a block of collapsed deposits at Yegou in the Nihewan Basin, which is about 300 m north of the Laowogou section that is well known for the Pliocene mammalian fossils from its lower part. The Yegou fossils are identified herein as 10 species in 9 genera: Nyctereutes tingi, N. sinensis, Pachycrocuta pyrenaica, Homotherium sp., Hipparion (Plesiohipparion) houfenense, Dicerorhinus sp., Muntiacus sp., Axis shansius, Gazella blacki, and Paracamelus sp. The fauna is quite different from the classic Early Pleistocene Nihewan Fauna in composition and provides new evidence for the existence of the Upper Pliocene in the Nihewan Basin. Based on a systematic description of the fauna, its composition and geological age are discussed, and the compositional features of large mammals of the Late Pliocene and the Early Pleistocene mammalian faunas in the Nihewan Basin are summarized.

Key words: Nihewan Basin, Upper Pliocene, large mammals, Hipparion (Plesiohipparion) houfenense, biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy

摘要：

目前对于泥河湾盆地晚新生代地层的年代学认识还存在分歧,基于哺乳动物化石的生物地层学对比结果与基于磁性地层学的年代测定结果存在较大矛盾。生物地层学对比表明,泥河湾盆地桑干河峡谷地带与壶流河下游两岸出露的风成红粘土、含砂砾石河湖相红粘土与沼泽相砂质粘土属上上新统;而磁性地层学研究一般将其归为下更新统。记述了泥河湾盆地叶沟晚上新世贺风三趾马动物群,由丁氏貉Nyctereutes tingi, 中华貉N. sinensis, 比利牛斯硕鬣狗Pachycrocuta pyrenaica, 锯齿虎属(未定种) Homotherium sp., 贺风(近)三趾马Hipparion (Plesiohipparion) houfenense, 额鼻角犀属(未定种) Dicerorhinus sp., 麂属(未定种) Muntiacus sp., 山西轴鹿Axis shansius, 步氏羚羊Gazella blacki, 副驼属(未定种) Paracamelus sp.等9属10种构成。这个动物群的组成与经典的泥河湾早更新世动物群显著不同,是泥河湾盆地内上上新统存在的新证据。在系统记述的基础上,对叶沟贺风三趾马动物群的时代和组成进行了讨论,并对泥河湾盆地晚上新世与早更新世大型哺乳动物群的组合特征进行了归纳,以期对今后泥河湾盆地的地层学研究工作有所帮助。

关键词: 泥河湾盆地, 上上新统, 大型哺乳动物, 贺风三趾马, 生物地层学, 磁性地层学

CLC Number:

Q915.873

LIU Jin-Yi, ZHANG Ying-Qi, CHI Zhen-Qing, WANG Yong, YANG Jin-Song, ZHENG Shao-Hua. A Late Pliocene Hipparion houfenense fauna from Yegou, Nihewan Basin and its biostratigraphic significance. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2022, 60(4): 278-323.

刘金毅, 张颖奇, 迟振卿, 王永, 杨劲松, 郑绍华. 2022, 60(4): 278-323, 泥河湾盆地叶沟晚上新世贺风三趾马动物群及其生物地层学意义. 古脊椎动物学报.

Figures/Tables 28

References 95

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		N. tingi			N. sinensis			N. procyonoides
		Yegou		Yushe	ZKD Loc.1	Ningyang	Yushe	Yangyuan
		V 18833.1	V 18833.2-4	Tedford & Qiu, 1991	Pei, 1934	Zhang, 2001 V 12368.1-5, 8	THP10080 THP25646	V 2737
c	L	8.1	7.7	8.0-9.6	6.7	6.4	6.2	4.0
	W	5.1	5.4	5.3-6.0	5.2	4.2	4.0	3.4
p1	L	4.6	4.5	3.8-5.2	3.4-3.6	3.4-3.9	3.0-3.5	3.1
	W	3.0	2.9	2.8-3.8	2.1-2.7	2.2-2.3	2.1-2.3	1.3
p2	L	8.1	7.9	8.0-9.4	6.1-7.1	6.8-7.0	5.6-6.8	5.7
	W	3.4	3.7	3.6-4.1	2.8-3.2	3.0-3.1	2.9-3.2	2.2
p3	L	9.9		9.0-10.6	7.1-8.0	7.7-8.2	6.7-7.6
	W	3.8		3.8-4.3	3.0-3.8	3.3-3.6	3.2-3.3
p4	L	9.9	10.6	10.2-12.1	8.3-10.0	8.8-9.4	8.4-8.8	7.3
	W	4.6	4.3	4.9-5.9	4.0-5.0	4.3-4.4	3.4-4.2	3.3
m1	L	16.8	17.6	17.5-19.3	14.2-16.5	14.8-15.2	13.1-14.5	12.8
	W	6.9	7.2	6.7-7.9	6.3-7.2	6.0-6.5	5.7-6.2	5.1
m2	L	9.7		8.8-10.0	7.4-8.3	8.3	8.5	6.2
	W	6.8		6.0-7.5	4.4-5.8	5.2	6.0	4.8

		N. tingi			N. sinensis			N. procyonoides
		Yegou		Yushe	ZKD Loc.1	Ningyang	Yushe	Yangyuan
		V 18833.1	V 18833.2-4	Tedford & Qiu, 1991	Pei, 1934	Zhang, 2001 V 12368.1-5, 8	THP10080 THP25646	V 2737
c	L	8.1	7.7	8.0-9.6	6.7	6.4	6.2	4.0
	W	5.1	5.4	5.3-6.0	5.2	4.2	4.0	3.4
p1	L	4.6	4.5	3.8-5.2	3.4-3.6	3.4-3.9	3.0-3.5	3.1
	W	3.0	2.9	2.8-3.8	2.1-2.7	2.2-2.3	2.1-2.3	1.3
p2	L	8.1	7.9	8.0-9.4	6.1-7.1	6.8-7.0	5.6-6.8	5.7
	W	3.4	3.7	3.6-4.1	2.8-3.2	3.0-3.1	2.9-3.2	2.2
p3	L	9.9		9.0-10.6	7.1-8.0	7.7-8.2	6.7-7.6
	W	3.8		3.8-4.3	3.0-3.8	3.3-3.6	3.2-3.3
p4	L	9.9	10.6	10.2-12.1	8.3-10.0	8.8-9.4	8.4-8.8	7.3
	W	4.6	4.3	4.9-5.9	4.0-5.0	4.3-4.4	3.4-4.2	3.3
m1	L	16.8	17.6	17.5-19.3	14.2-16.5	14.8-15.2	13.1-14.5	12.8
	W	6.9	7.2	6.7-7.9	6.3-7.2	6.0-6.5	5.7-6.2	5.1
m2	L	9.7		8.8-10.0	7.4-8.3	8.3	8.5	6.2
	W	6.8		6.0-7.5	4.4-5.8	5.2	6.0	4.8

	N. sinensis				N. procyonoides²⁾
	Yegou	Yushe	ZKD Loc.13¹⁾		Min	Max	Mean
	V 18834.1	Yushe	Skull A	Skull B	Min	Max	Mean
basioccipital length		147.0	135.0	~120.0	104.0	117.0	110.0
zygomatic width		85.0	~84.0	~63.0	57.0	68.5	61.9
width between mastoid processes	~53.9	52.0	49.0	~44.0	38.0	43.0	40.4
postorbital constriction width	37.1	36.0	23.0	21.0
distance between orbits	33.2	32.0	30.0	25.0
greatest neurocranium width	~50.1	53.0	51.0	45.0	32.0	43.0	39.6
maximal palatal width		45.0	43.0	38.0	33.0	37.0	34.9

	N. sinensis				N. procyonoides²⁾
	Yegou	Yushe	ZKD Loc.13¹⁾		Min	Max	Mean
	V 18834.1	Yushe	Skull A	Skull B	Min	Max	Mean
basioccipital length		147.0	135.0	~120.0	104.0	117.0	110.0
zygomatic width		85.0	~84.0	~63.0	57.0	68.5	61.9
width between mastoid processes	~53.9	52.0	49.0	~44.0	38.0	43.0	40.4
postorbital constriction width	37.1	36.0	23.0	21.0
distance between orbits	33.2	32.0	30.0	25.0
greatest neurocranium width	~50.1	53.0	51.0	45.0	32.0	43.0	39.6
maximal palatal width		45.0	43.0	38.0	33.0	37.0	34.9

		P. pyrenaica					P. perrieri
		China		Ukraine	France	Tunis	France
		Yegou	Yushe	Odess Catacomb	Serra d'en Vacquer	Ain Brimba	Etouaires¹⁾
		V 18835	Qiu, 1987	Howell and Petter, 1980
		range,mean(number)
p3	L	21.2	21.2-20.1, 20.68(5)	21.8-14.0, 20.02(19)	20.0	21.5	22.9-19.5, 20.93(16)
	W	13.2	13.3-13.0, 13.24(5)	14.2-11.9, 12.89(19)	13.3	13.7	16.6-13.3, 14.52(13)
	W/L	0.62	0.66-0.61, 0.64(5)	0.68-0.61, 0.64(19)	0.67	0.64	0.78-0.63, 0.69(13)
p4	L	22.5	22.5-21.5, 22.05(6)	24.0-20.5, 22.25(22)	24.4	23.4	25.5-21.4, 23.46(19)
	W	12.6	13.3-13.1, 13.25(6)	14.3-12.2, 12.75(21)	13.3	13.3	16.1-11.8, 14.62(16)
	W/L	0.56	0.61-0.59, 0.60(6)	0.60-0.52, 0.57(21)	0.55	0.57	0.64-0.60, 0.62(16)
m1	L	25.0	27.1-23.2, 25.35(4)	28.7-23.1, 24.82(21)	24.7	24.5, 24.5	26.9-23.4, 25.44(22)
	W	12.0	12.4-11.6, 12.05(4)	12.2-10.4, 11.42(21)	12.6	11.1, 11.3	14.6-10.8, 12.80(16)
	Tri L	19.4	21.6-18.8, 20.16(5)	20.7-17.4, 18.77(20)	19.2	19.9, 19.4	22.8-19.4, 21.41(19)
	Tri/m1	0.78	0.81-0.78 0.80(4)	0.81-0.72, 0.76(21)	0.78	0.81, 0.79	0.86-0.81, 0.83(19)