Abstract:  Abundant lagomorph fossils were collected in 2004 from the Shanyangzhai cave deposits of Liujiang Basin, Qinhuangdao of Hebei Province, and a new species, Lepus qinhuangdaoensis, is named herein. The jaw and teeth of the new species are similar to the characteristics of Lepus. The length of the upper tooth row (P2−M3) is 10.9 mm, and that of the lower tooth row (p3−m3) is 10.6 mm. L. qinhuangdaoensis sp. nov. is the smallest species of Lepus. The P2 has three anterior reentrants and p3 has one or two AR, some of the specimens have enamel islands or calcite druse on the occlusal surface. There are two kinds of patterns on p3. One is the PER trans-occlusal surface, and the other is PER extending to lingual border. Besides the pattern of PER on p3, other features are similar to hares, such as p3 with clear AR, AIR not obvious or disappear. It is a representative of more primitive types of Lepus in China, whose relationship with Alilepus, especially withTrischizolagus is closer than other species of Lepus. Based on the numerous mammalian fossils, the biostratigraphical analysis indicates that the Shanyangzhai fauna can be compared with both the Zhoukoudian and the Jinniushan faunas, and demonstrates the feature of the Mid-Pleistocene.

摘要： 在河北秦皇岛柳江盆地山羊寨附近中更新世洞穴堆积中发现一种小型野兔化石：秦皇岛兔Lepus qinhuangdaoensis sp. nov., 该种以其个体小、p3后外褶沟深达内侧齿缘或贯穿整个齿冠面、部分标本p3具有釉岛及前内褶沟等特征区别于其他已知种。它是迄今为止所知的体形最小的野兔。