Abstract: Based on the present available fossil mammal data, this paper tries to synthesize the most updated publications on the Chinese late Neogene, and analyze the evolutionary process of fossil mammal communities and their response to climatic and environmental changes. Preliminary results show that fossil mammal communities in North China are rather stable and uniforrn from the end of Middle Miocene till the latest Miocene (ca. 13 Ma to 7 —8 Ma). The differentiation of a humid and closed fauna in the east, a dry and open fauna in the west during the latest Miocene might be closely related with intensification of the East Asian summer monsoon. Fossil mammal dispersal evidences from Tibet and adjacent areas suggest the forrnation of a geologic ban-ier due to uplift of the Tibet Plateau that might also be the cause of intensification of the East Asian summer monsoon. The Pliocene faunas from North China show strong adaptation to open and dry environments. The diversification and dominance of some lineages, such as siphneids and ochotonids, may well be explained by the climatic vibration during the late Pliocene. Due to the incompleteness, unevenness, and poor geographic coverage of mammal fossils, more work is wanting for achievement of this important and interesting issue discussed herein.

摘要： 根据已有的中国晚新近纪哺乳动物化石记录，综合新近研究成果，初步探讨中国晚新近纪哺乳动物群落演变进程及其对于气候与环境变化的响应。结果表明，自中中新世晚期至晚中新世(约13 Ma至7～8 Ma)，中国北方哺乳动物群落组成上没有明显的分异；而在其后的晚中新世晚期发生了较为明显的区域性分化，分化为东部地区以适应潮湿的较为封闭的动物群落与西部地区适应干旱的开阔环境的群落，这种分异可能与东亚夏季风的加强密切相关；青藏高原及其周边地区化石类群的扩散与交流资料也表明由青藏高原隆升而形成的地理阻隔也可能发生在该时期；上新