On kannemeyeriiform dicynodonts from the Shaanbeikannemeyeria Assemblage Zone of the Ordos Basin, China
Received date: 2022-01-27
Online published: 2022-06-01
Shaanbeikannemeyeria is a common tetrapod from the lower part of the Ermaying Formation of the Ordos Basin, China. There are taxonomical questions surrounding this genus, such as the validity of the genus, and how many species are included within it. Several specimens have been collected since 1978. Shaanbeikannemeyeria first appeared from the top of the Heshanggou Formation. These specimens are described to clarify the diagnostic characters, the individual variations and the phylogenetic position of Shaanbeikannemeyeria. Only one species, S. xilougouensis, is recognized. It is characterized by the following autapomorphies: occiput strongly inclined relative to the palate such that the skull is much shorter basally than dorsally, sword tip-like premaxillary posterodorsal processes, tall and dorsally-convex cutting blade on the medial edge of the dorsal surface of the dentary, reflected lamina with a separated posteroventral process, and 15 dorsal vertebrae. This species shows variations on the cranial morphology, such as the occiput height relative to the width, the snout tip (sharp or obtuse), the shape of the orbital portion of the zygomatic arch, and the shape of caniniform process. Some variations could be ontogenetically related, such as the development of the caniniform process and tusk, the posterior extension of the maxilla on the zygomatic arch, the distance between the frontal and the premaxilla, the intertemporal bar width, and the exposing degree of the parietals. Based on postcranial bones, the second dicynodont genus (possibly Parakannemeyeria) is present in the lower Ermaying Formation.
LIU Jun . On kannemeyeriiform dicynodonts from the Shaanbeikannemeyeria Assemblage Zone of the Ordos Basin, China[J]. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2022 , 60(3) : 212 -248 . DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.220601
| [1] | Angielczyk K D, Hancox P J, Nabavizadeh A, 2017. A redescription of the Triassic kannemeyeriiform dicynodont Sangusaurus (Therapsida, Anomodontia), with an analysis of its feeding system. J Vert Paleont, 37(sup1): 189-227 |
| [2] | Angielczyk K D, Liu J, Yang W, 2021. A redescription of Kunpania scopulusa, a bidentalian dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the ?Guadalupian of northwestern China. J Vert Paleont, 41(1): e1922428 |
| [3] | Araújo D C, Gonzaga T D, 1980. Uma Nova especie de Jachaleria (Therapsida, Dicynodontia) do Triassico do Brasil. Actas Segundo Congr Argent Paleontol Bioestratigr Primer Congr Latino Am Paleontol, 2(1): 159-174 |
| [4] | Bandyopadhyay S, 1988. A kannemeyeriid dicynodont from the Middle Triassic Yerrapalli Formation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 320: 185-233 |
| [5] | Bandyopadhyay S, 1989. The mammal-like reptile Rechnisaurus from the Triassic of India. Palaeontology, 32(2): 305-312 |
| [6] | Bonaparte J F, 1969. Dos nuevas “faunas” de reptiles triásicos de Argentina. In: Amos A J ed.ed. Gondwana Stratigraphy, IUGS Symposium, Buenos Aires, 1-15. Paris: United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. 283-306 |
| [7] | Cheng Z W, 1980. 7. Vertebrate fossils. In: IGCAGS ed.ed. Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ninxia Basin. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 115-188 |
| [8] | Cox C B, 1959. On the anatomy of a new dicynodont genus with evidence of the position of the tympanum. Proc Zool Soc London, 132(3): 321-367 |
| [9] | Cox C B, 1968. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna; IV, The dicynodont fauna. Breviora, 295: 1-27 |
| [10] | Cox C B, 1969. Two new dicynodonts from the Triassic Ntawere Formation, Zambia. Bull Br Mus Nat Hist Geol, 17: 257-294 |
| [11] | Cox C B, 1991. The Pangaea Dicynodont Rechnisaurus and the comparative biostratigraphy of Triassic dicynodont faunas. Palaeontology, 34: 767-784 |
| [12] | Cox C B, Li J L, 1983. A new genus of Triassic dicynodont from East Africa and its classification. Palaeontology, 26: 389-406 |
| [13] | Cruickshank A R I, 1967. A new Dicynodont genus from the Manda Formation of Tanzania (Tanganyika). J Zool, 153: 163-208 |
| [14] | Damiani R J, Vasconcelos C, Renaut A et al., 2007. Dolichuranus primaevus (Therapsida: Anomodontia) from the Middle Triassic of Namibia and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontology, 50: 1531-1546 |
| [15] | Danilov A I, 1971. A new dicynodont from the Middle Triassic of southern Cisuralia. Paleontol J, 5(2): 265-268 |
| [16] | Domnanovich N S, Marsicano C A, 2012. The Triassic dicynodont Vinceria (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from Argentina and a discussion on basal Kannemeyeriiformes. Geobios, 45(2): 173-186 |
| [17] | Dutuit J M, 1988. Ostéologie crânienne et ses enseignements, apports géologique et paléoécologique, de Moghreberia nmachouensis, Dicynodonte (Reptilia, Therapsida) du Trias supérieur marocain. Bull Mus Natn Hist Nat, 3: 227-285 |
| [18] | Goloboff P A, Catalano S, 2016. TNT, version 1.5, with a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics. Cladistics, 32: 221-238 |
| [19] | Govender R, 2005. Morphological and functional analysis of the postcranial anatomy of two dicynodont morphotypes from the Cynognathus assemblage zone of South Africa and their taxonomic implications. Ph. D thesis. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand. 1-199 |
| [20] | Kalandadze N N, 1970. New Triassic kannemeyeriids from South Cisuralia. In: Flerov K K ed.ed. Materials on the Evolution of Terrestrial Vertebrates. Moscow: Nauka. 51-57 |
| [21] | Kammerer C F, 2018. The first skeletal evidence of a dicynodont from the lower Elliot Formation of South Africa. Palaeontol Afr, 52: 102-128 |
| [22] | Kammerer C F, Ordoñez M d l A, 2021. Dicynodonts (Therapsida: Anomodontia) of South America. J South Am Earth Sci, 108: 103171 |
| [23] | Kammerer C F, Fröbisch J, Angielczyk K D, 2013. On the validity and phylogenetic position of Eubrachiosaurus browni, a kannemeyeriiform dicynodont (Anomodontia) from Triassic North America. PLoS ONE, 8(5): e64203 |
| [24] | Kammerer C F, Viglietti P A, Hancox P J et al., 2019. A new kannemeyeriiform dicynodont (Ufudocyclops mukanelai, gen. et sp. nov.) from Subzone C of the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone, Triassic of South Africa, with implications for biostratigraphic correlation with other African Triassic Faunas. J Vert Paleont, 39(2): e1596921 |
| [25] | King G M, 1981. The postcranial skeleton of Robertia broomiana, an early dicynodont (Reptilia, Therapsida) from the South African Karoo. Ann S Afr Mus, 84(5): 203-231 |
| [26] | King G M, 1988. Anomodontia. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag. 1-174 |
| [27] | Li J L, 1980. Kannemeyeria fossil from Inner Mongolia. Vert PalAsiat, 18(2): 94-99 |
| [28] | Li J L, Cheng Z W, 1995. A new Late Permian vertebrate fauna from Dashankou, Gansu, with comments on Permian and Triassic vertebrate assemblage zones of China. In: Sun A L, Wang Y Q eds. Sixth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, Short Papers. Beijing: China Ocean Press. 33-37 |
| [29] | Li J L, Liu J, 2015. Basal Synapsids. Palaeovertebrate Sinica, III(14): 1-105 |
| [30] | Liu J, 2015. New discoveries from the Sinokannemeyeria-Shansisuchus Assemblage Zone: 1. Kannemeyeriiformes from Shanxi, China. Vert PalAsiat, 53(1): 16-28 |
| [31] | Liu J, 2018. New progress on the correlation of Chinese terrestrial Permo-Triassic strata. Vert PalAsiat, 56(4): 327-342 |
| [32] | Liu J, 2021. The tetrapod fauna of the upper Permian Naobaogou Formation of China: 6. Turfanodon jiufengensis sp. nov. (Dicynodontia). Peer J, 9: e10854 |
| [33] | Liu J, Li J L, 2003. A new material of kannemeyerid from Xinjiang and the restudy of Parakannemeyeria brevirostris. Vert PalAsiat, 41(2): 147-156 |
| [34] | Liu J, Ramezani J, Li L et al., 2018. High-precision temporal calibration of Middle Triassic vertebrate biostratigraphy: U-Pb zircon constraints for the Sinokannemeyeria Fauna and Yonghesuchus. Vert PalAsiat, 56(1): 16-24 |
| [35] | Lucas S G, 2001. Chinese Fossil Vertebrates. New York: Columbia University Press. 1-375 |
| [36] | Maisch M W, 2001. Observations on Karoo and Gondwana vertebrates. Part 2: A new skull-reconstruction of Stahleckeria potens von Huene, 1935 (Dicynodontia, Middle Triassic) and a reconsideration of kannemeyeriiform phylogeny. Neues Jahrb Geol Palaontol Abh, 220(1): 127-152 |
| [37] | Morato L, 2006. Dinodontosaurus (Synapsida, Dicynodontia) reconstituições morfológicas e aspectos biomecânicos. Master thesis. Porto Alegre (RS): Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. 1-158 |
| [38] | Olson E C, 1944. Origin of mammals based upon cranial morphology of the therapsid suborders. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap, 55: 1-136 |
| [39] | Owen R, 1860. On the orders of fossil and recent Reptilia, and their distribution in time. Report of the Twenty-Ninth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1859: 153-166 |
| [40] | Renaut A J, Hancox P J, 2001. Cranial description and taxonomic re-evaluation of Kannemeyeria argentinensis (Therapsida: Dicynodontia). Palaeontol Afr, 37: 81-91 |
| [41] | Sullivan C, Reisz R R, 2005. Cranial anatomy and taxonomy of the Late Permian dicynodont Diictodon. Ann Carnegie Mus, 74(1): 45-75 |
| [42] | Sun A L, 1960. On a new genus of kannemeyerids from Ningwu, Shanxi. Vert PalAsiat, 4(2): 67-80 |
| [43] | Sun A L, 1963. The Chinese kannemeyerids. Palaeont Sin, New Ser C, 17: 1-109 |
| [44] | Sun A L, 1978. Discovery of Parakannemeyeria from Xinjiang. Mem Inst Vert Paleont Paleoanthrop, Acad Sin, 13: 47-54 |
| [45] | Surkov M V, 2003. A new anomodont (Therapsida) from the Middle Triassic of the southern Fore-Urals. Paleontol J, 37(4): 425-431 |
| [46] | Vega-Dias C, Schultz C L, 2004. Postcranial material of Jachaleria candelariensis Araújo and Gonzaga 1980 (Therapsida, Dicynodontia), Upper Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. PaleoBios, 24(1): 7-31 |
| [47] | Vega-Dias C, Maisch M W, Schwanke C, 2005. The taxonomic status of Stahleckeria impotens (Therapsida, Dicynodontia): redescription and discussion of its phylogenetic position. Rev Bras Paleontol, 8(3): 221-228 |
| [48] | von Huene F F, 1935. Die fossilen Reptilien des südamerikanischen Gondwanalandes. Ergebnisse der Sauriergrabungen in Südbrasilien, 1928-1929. Ordnung Anomodontia. Munich: C. H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. 1-92 |
| [49] | Williston S W, 1904. Notice of some new reptiles from the Upper Trias of Wyoming. J Geol, 12(8): 688-697 |
| [50] | Young C C, 1937. On the Triassic dicynodonts from Shansi. Bull Geol Soc China, 17: 393-411 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |