A new species of Scleropages (Osteoglossidae, Osteoglossomorpha) from the Eocene of Guangdong, China
Received date: 2019-11-19
Online published: 2020-04-20
A new species of Scleropages, an extant genus of the Osteoglossidae, is described from the Lower Eocene Huayong Formation in the Sanshui Basin, Guangdong, China. The new species, Scleropages sanshuiensis sp. nov., was attributed to Scleropages because it possesses the diagnostic features of the genus in skull bones, caudal skeleton, the shape and position of fins, and reticulate scales. Compared with the four extant and one fossil species of Scleropages, the new species is most similar to the fossil one, S. sinensis. However, S. sanshuiensis is different from S. sinensis in many aspects: the nasal is ornamented; the third infraorbital is slightly smaller than the fourth; the posteroventral margin of the opercle is slightly concave; the pectoral fin extends just to the beginning of the pelvic fin; the distal ends of the neural arches on abdominal centra are not fused; the parapophyses are much longer than in S. sinensis. Scleropages sanshuiensis is closer to S. sinensis but it shares two characters with the living species (ornamented nasal and long parapophyses) while S. sinensis shares two characters with the extant ones too (the third infraorbital slightly larger than the fourth and the distal ends of the neural arches on most abdominal centra fused). It is not clear which one of the two fossil fishes is more closely related to the living fishes. The two fossils are probably in the same evolutionary level. In addition to the rich Mesozoic osteoglossomorphs, many Eocene ones were also found from China. The common ancestor of Scleropages and Osteoglossum may live before the Eocene in East Asia and then dispersed to Australia and other places of the World. Huayong Formation and Yangxi Formation, Songzi, Hubei are comparable and possibly deposited contemporaneously. Therefore, this work supports the view that the Huayong Formation is of Early Eocene.
ZHANG Jiang-Yong . A new species of Scleropages (Osteoglossidae, Osteoglossomorpha) from the Eocene of Guangdong, China[J]. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2020 , 58(2) : 100 -199 . DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.191213
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