Fig. 6 The branchial apparatuses in fossil and living craniates
A. photograph of Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis Pan & Liu, 1975, GMC V 1823, in ventral view;B. photograph of Shuyu zhejiangensis Gai et al., 2011; Pan, 1986a, IVPP V 14334.11, in ventral view;C. photograph of Yunnanogaleaspis major Pan & Wang, 1980, counterpart of GMC V 1734, in ventral view;D. drawing of Polybranchiaspis liaojiaoshanensis Liu, 1965 (modified from Janvier, 1996);E. drawing of Astraspis desiderata Bryant, 1936 (modified from Kardong, 2015); F. drawing of a generalized cornuate osteostracan, partly based on specimens of ‘Cephalaspis ’ cradleyensis Stensiö, 1932(modified from Janvier, 1996); G. drawing of the pteraspidiform heterostracan Doryaspis nathorsti (redrawn according to Pernègre, 2002, 2005; Gai et al., 2018); H. drawing of an Atlantic hagfish Myxine glutinosa (from Bloch and Schneider, 1801); I, J. drawing of the marine lamprey Petromyzon marinus : I. skeletal elements (modified from Oisi et al., 2013), J. external morphology; K. drawing of chondrichthyan Squalus acanthias (J, K from De Iuliis and Pulerà, 2007) Abbreviations see Figs. 2-5 plus avp. anterior ventral plate; br.a. branchial arch; br.p. branchial plate; br.s. branchial slit; gp. gill pouch; or.p. oral plate; tr.r. trematic ring
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